Mitochondrial Dna And Its Effect On Human Behavior Essay

Introduction Plasmid was a term introduced by Lederburg in 1952 as a descriptive for genetic material that is located outside of the nucleus of a cell at points or the entirety of its replication cycle and origionates from and returns to chromosomal DNA (Lederberg, 1952). In 1968 this descriptive was adapted to being elements of the genetic material that are generally located outside of the chromosome and can carry out self-replication. recognition that it also didn’t cause cell damage which highlighted that it was different from a virus (Lederberg, 1998). The features of plasmids such as size, being extrachromosomal along with the ability of self-replication provide a basis for manipulation of genetic material alongside the ability to analyse the roles of different variations. In this report it is shown how certain techniques are carried out along with the reasoning behind the methodology to isolate and manipulate plasmids within E.coli. The initial step in the protocol was to isolate the plasmid DNA, plasmid DNA is useful when conducting experiments involving gene manipulation this is due to the determination of plasmid and chromosomal DNA. Plasmid DNA generally do not contain genes that are needed for the cells regulation (housekeeping), a genetic element that contains the genes for the cells regulation would be classified as chromosomal DNA. Due to plasmids not carrying DNA responsible for the cell to survive normal conditions they provide a gateway toward the productionShow MoreRelatedAutosomal Dominant Autosomal Recessive Disorder1048 Words   |  5 Pagescreate a different protein. However, both alleles effect the genetic trait. Mitochondrial inheritance, which is more commonly known as maternal inheritance, corresponds to genes in the mothers DNA. Egg cells are responsible to supply the DNA to the embryo. Any condition that is affiliated with mitochondrial DNA inheritance is passed down to every generation and affects both males and females. â€Å"Many health conditions are caused by the combined effects of multiple genes or by interactions between genesRead MoreArgument Between Science and Religion Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagesbegin without intelligent interference. To answer this question requires looking at the primordial earth as it was over 1.7 billion years ago: warm, mostly wet, and with an atmosphere of different gases like hydrogen, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide. DNA is a chain of just four different types of nuclear tights. Under the condition of the primordial earth those nuclear tights can form on they own. After they formed the next step is to join together. Researches found that the clay in the primordial earthRead MoreHuman Origins And Methods Used For Biological Anthropology1500 Words   |  6 Pagesfindings of the human origins and methods used in Biological anthropology. Biological anthropology or also known as Bioanthropology, is a subfield of anthropology that uses the scientific method to study the biology and behavior of Homo sapiens, non-human primates, and the ancestors of Homo sapiens. Bioanthropology itself is further divided into several branches. All branches are united in their common application of evolutionary theory to understanding human origin, morphology and behavior. There areRead MoreThe Causes Of Depression And Depression884 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis† the author claims that we assumed that the mental disorder in this family might be associated with maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation. Thus, it makes it clear that the DNA has a major effect on human feelings and behavior. The inherited depression is so complicated if we assume that the family has a huge record of attempting suicide that means the next generation of this family will ha ve suicide thoughts inRead MoreCell Biology Final Essay30093 Words   |  121 Pages_______ in eukaryotic cells. A) ribosomes B) oxidative phosphorylation C) DNA molecules -D) a nucleus 2. Cytoplasmic organelles are - A) absent in prokaryotic cells; present in eukaryotic cells. B) present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. C) present in prokaryotic cells; absent in eukaryotic cells. D) absent in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 3. Eukaryotic chromosomes contain _______ DNA molecules. A) single linear B) single circular -C) multiple linear Read MoreNature Vs Nurture : The Biological Approach962 Words   |  4 Pageslive in and what is taught to you. As humans we cannot control our nature it is simply what you are born with. When you are born you have all your genes that will decide what you look like, how tall or short you will be, so why do we not believe that our behavioral tendencies, and personality attributes come from our genes too. Psychological theories such as the biological approach, and psychoanalysis have helped to show us how are genetics predetermine our behavior. Researchers have found multipleRead MoreHuman Genetic Engineering At The Germ Line Of A Family1267 Words   |  6 PagesContinuous advancements have been made in these fields, and thus contribute to human genetic engineering. The method of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, also known as embryonic screening, allows parents at risk of transmitting a genetic disease to ensure their future children are unaffected by the dis ease. Some say that it would be greatly favorable for parents to have the ability to avoid passing on a genetic disease. While there is potential to eliminate many diseases, it also has an equallyRead MoreDiabetes Case Study1331 Words   |  6 PagesTalalay, Quantitative analysis of dose-effect relationships: the combined effects of multiple drugs or enzyme inhibitors, Advances in Enzyme Regulation. 22 (1984) 27-55. [12] N. Shiraishi, Y. Inai, W. Bi, M. Nishikimi, Fragmentation and dimerization of copper-loaded prion protein by copper-catalysed oxidation, Biochem. J. 1:387 (Pt1) (2005) 247-55. [13] B.K. Sinha, M.A. Trush, K.A. Kennedt, E.G. Mimnaugh, Enzymatic activation and binding of adriamycin ton nuclear DNA, Cancer Res. 44 (1984) 2892. [14]Read MoreThe Relationship Between Cerebellum And Basal Ganglia1387 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough the brain can be viewed as different brain regions, these regions couldn’t work independently. Each brain region can affect and effect on the other regions either directly or indirectly. While the decreased dopamine level in the basal ganglia represents the major target for clinical and experimental research (Hornykiewicz, 2006), much evidence suggests the involvement of cerebellum dysfunction in addition to basal ganglia in mediating many of Parkinsonian symptoms (Wu and Hallett, 2013)Read MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Type Two Diabetes1688 Words   |  7 Pagesaffect insulin receptor signaling. Beta-cell function plays an important role in determining progress to type-2 diabetes. Beta-cell gene expression defects, caused by increased free fatty acids, cytokines and/or mitochondrial dysfunction may be implicated in how type two diabetes affects the human body (Fernandez-Mejia , 2006). Just like in type one diabetes, there is not a definite known cause for type two but poor management of the body and genetics is a contributing factor. There is also no known cure

Inflation Rate Free Essays

string(19) " tend to be lower\." Assignment On India’s Trend of Economic Growth and Employment (Since the year 1980 to2010) Submitted to DR. TAPAS KUMAR PAL Presented By * ARNABI BOSE (Roll- 1) * DIPA DAS (Roll- 10) * PURNAMRITA MALLICK (Roll- 3) * SWATI AGARWAL (Roll- 25) * TISTA BISWAS (Roll- 26) (MHROM 1st semester, Calcutta University) CHART SHOWING DATA OF NOMINAL REAL GDP, GROWTH RATE, INFLATION DEFLATION RATE AND EMPLOYMENT (PUBLIC PRIVATE SECTOR) IN INDIA SINCE 1980 TO 2010 Year| NominalGDP(Rs. )| NominalGDP Growth Rate(%)| RealGDP(Rs. We will write a custom essay sample on Inflation Rate or any similar topic only for you Order Now | RealGDP Growth Rate(%)| Deflator| InflationRate(%)| Public Sector(million)| PrivateSector(million)| Total Employment(million)| EmploymentRate(%)| 1980-81| 1368. 38| 19. 51| 7985. 06| 7. 21| 17. 14| 11. 51| 15. 48| 7. 40| 22. 88| 2. 3| 1981-82| 1602. 13| 17. 08| 8434. 26| 5. 63| 18. 99| 10. 79| 16. 28| 7. 53| 23. 81| 4. 06| 1982-83| 1789. 85| 11. 72| 8680. 91| 2. 92| 20. 62| 8. 58| 16. 75| 7. 39| 24. 14| 1. 38| 1983-84| 2093. 56| 16. 97| 9362. 69| 7. 85| 22. 36| 8. 43| 17. 22| 7. 36| 24. 58| 1. 82| 1984-85| 2351. 13| 12. 30| 9733. 57| 3. 96| 24. 15| 8. 00| 17. 58| 7. 43| 25. 01| 1. 4| 1985-86| 2627. 17| 11. 74| 10138. 66| 4. 16| 25. 91| 7. 28| 17. 68| 7. 37| 25. 05| 1. 71| 1986-87| 2929. 24| 11. 48| 10576. 12| 4. 31| 27. 69| 6. 86| 18. 24| 7. 39| 25. 63| 2. 31| 1987-88| 3320. 68| 13. 36| 10949. 92| 3. 53| 30. 32| 9. 49| 18. 32| 7. 39| 25. 71| 0. 31| 1988-89| 3962. 95| 19. 34| 12062. 43| 10. 16| 32. 85| 8. 34| 18. 51| 7. 45| 25. 96| 0. 97| 1989-90| 4565. 40| 15. 20| 12802. 28| 6. 13 | 35. 66| 8. 55| 18. 77| 7. 58| 26. 35| 1. 50| 1990-91| 5318. 13| 16. 49| 13478. 89| 5. 29| 39. 45| 10. 62| 19. 06| 7. 68| 26. 74| 1. 48| 1991-92| 6135. 28| 15. 37| 13671. 71| 1. 3| 44. 87| 13. 73| 19. 21| 7. 85| 27. 06| 1. 19| 1992-93| 7037. 23| 14. 70| 14405. 03| 5. 36| 48. 85| 8. 87| 19. 33| 7. 85| 27. 18| 0. 44| 1993-94| 8197. 61| 16. 49| 15223. 43| 5. 68| 53. 85| 10. 23| 19. 45| 7. 93| 27. 38| 0. 73| 1994-95| 9553. 85| 16. 54| 16196. 94| 6. 39| 58. 98| 9. 52| 19. 47| 8. 06| 27. 53| 0. 54| 1995-96| 11185. 86| 17. 08| 17377. 40| 7. 29| 64. 37| 9. 13| 19. 43| 8. 51| 27. 94| 1. 48| 1996-97| 13017. 88| 16. 38| 18763. 19| 7. 97| 69. 38| 7. 78| 19. 56| 8. 69| 28. 25| 1. 10| 1997-98| 14476. 13| 11. 20| 19570. 31| 4. 30| 73. 97| 6. 61| 19. 42| 8. 75| 28. 17| 0. 8| Year| NominalGDP(billion)| NominalGDP Growth Rate(%)| RealGDP(billion)| RealGDP Growth Rate(%)| Deflator(%)| InflationRate(%)| Public Sector(million)| PrivateSector(million)| Total Employment(million)| EmploymentRate(%)| 1998- 99| 16687. 39| 15. 28| 20878. 27| 6. 68| 79. 93| 8. 05| 19. 41| 8. 70| 28. 11| 0. 21| 1999-00| 18472. 73| 10. 70| 22462. 76| 7. 59| 82. 24| 2. 89| 19. 31| 8. 65| 27. 96| 0. 53| 2000-01| 19919. 82| 7. 83| 23427. 74| 4. 30| 85. 03| 3. 39| 19. 14| 8. 65| 27. 79| 0. 60| 2001-02| 21677. 45| 8. 82| 24720. 52| 5. 52| 87. 69| 3. 12| 18. 77| 8. 43| 27. 20| 2. 12| 2002-03| 23382. 00| 7. 86| 25706. 0| 3. 99| 90. 95| 3. 71| 18. 58| 8. 44| 27. 02| 0. 66| 2003-04| 26222. 16| 12. 15| 27778. 13| 8. 06| 94. 39| 3. 78| 18. 20| 8. 25| 26. 45| 2. 10| 2004-05| 29714. 64| 13. 32| 29714. 64| 6. 97| 100| 5. 94| 18. 01| 8. 45| 26. 46| 0. 03| 2005-06| 33905. 03| 14. 10| 32530. 73| 9. 48| 104. 32| 4. 32| 18. 19| 8. 77| 26. 96| 1. 88| 2006-07| 39532. 76| 16. 60| 35643. 63| 9. 57| 110. 91| 6. 31| 18. 00| 9. 24| 27. 24| 1. 03| 2007-08| 45820. 86| 15. 91| 38966. 36| 9. 32| 117. 59| 6. 02| 17. 67| 9. 88| 27. 55| 1. 13| 2008-09| 53035. 67| 15. 75| 41586. 76| 6. 72| 127. 53| 8. 45| 17. 80| 10. 38| 28. 18| 2. 28| 200 9-10| 60914. 5| 14. 86| 45076. 37| 8. 39| 135. 13| 5. 96| 17. 86| 10. 85| 28. 71| 1. 88| * INTRODUCTION: * What is GDP? Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country’s standard of living GDP = private consumption + gross investment + government spending + (exports ? imports) * Nominal GDP is GDP evaluated at current market prices. Therefore, nominal GDP will include all of the changes in market prices that have occurred during the current year due to inflation or deflation. In order to abstract from changes in the overall price level, another measure of GDP called real GDP is often used. Real GDP is GDP evaluated at the market prices of some base year. For example, if 1990 were chosen as the base year, then real GDP for 1995 is calculated by taking the quantities of all goods and services purchased in 1995 and multi plying them by their 1990 prices. * Inflation is defined as a rise in the overall price level, and deflation is defined as a fall in the overall price level. The inflation rate is one of the most important economic forces consistently weighing on the value of a nation’s currency. Low Inflation Causes Growth: It is argued that low inflation can contribute to a higher rate of growth in the long term. This is because low inflation helps promote stability, confidence, and security and therefore encourages investment. This investment helps promote long term economic growth. If an economy has periods of high and volatile inflation rates, then rates of economic growth tend to be lower. You read "Inflation Rate" in category "Papers" * High Inflation and Low Growth: It is possible that an economy can experience low growth and high inflation this can occur if there is cost push inflation. Cost push inflation could be caused by rising oil prices. It increases costs for firms and reduces disposable income. Therefore, there is lower growth, whilst high inflation. * What is the relationship between inflation unemployment and Real GDP? During peak periods of the business cycle when the economy is experiencing rapid growth in real GDP, employment will increase as businesses seek workers to produce a higher output. If real GDP grows too quickly, however, it can cause price inflation as firms are forced to bid against one another or increasingly scarce workers. In contrast during trough periods of the business cycle the economy is experiencing declines in real GDP, and employment rates are low. This is classic Neo-Keynesian economic theory. * Workings: 1. Calculation for Deflator: (Nominal GDP/Real GDP)*100 2. Calculation for Inflation Rate: {(Current Year’s GDP Deflator – Previous Year’s GDP Deflator) / Previous Year’s GDP Deflator}* 100 3. Calcul ation for Growth Rate: {(Current Year Growth Rate-Previous Year Growth Rate)/Previous Year Growth Rate}*100 4. Calculation for Employment Rate: (Current Year Employment Rate-Previous Year Employment Rate)/Previous Year Employment Rate}*100 # We have calculated nominal GDP and Real GDP at the Factor Cost. * The average inflation rate with a 5-years interval is calculated below: The average inflation rate of year 1980-85 is: (11. 51+10. 79+8. 58+8. 53+8)/5=9. 48 The average inflation rate of year 1985-90 is: (7. 28+6. 86+9. 49+8. 34+8. 55)/5=8. 10 The average inflation rate of year 1990-95 is: (10. 62+13. 73+8. 87+10. 23+9. 52)/5=10. 59 The average inflation rate of year 1995-2000 is: (9. 13+7. 78+6. 61+8. 05+2. 89)/5=6. 89 The average inflation rate of year 2000-05 is: 3. 39+3. 12+3. 71+3. 78+5. 94)/5=3. 98 The average inflation rate of year 2005-10 is: (4. 32+6. 31+6. 02+8. 45+5. 96)/5=6. 21 * The average Employment Rate with a 5-years interval is calculated below: The average emplo yment rate of year 1980-85: (2. 3+4. 06+1. 38+1. 82+1. 74)/5=2. 26 The average employment rate of year 1985-90: (1. 71+2. 31+0. 31+0. 97+1. 50)/5=1. 36 The average employment rate of year 1990-95: (1. 48+1. 19+0. 44+0. 73+0. 54)/5=0. 87 The average employment rate of year 1995-2000: (1. 48+1. 10+0. 28+0. 21+0. 53)/5=0. 72 The average employment rate of year 2000-05: (0. 60+2. 12+0. 66+2. 10+0. 03)/5=1. 0 The average employment rate of year 2005-10: (1. 88+1. 03+1. 13+2. 28+1. 88)/5=1. 64 * The average Real GDP Growth rate with a 5-years interval is calculated below: The average real GDP growth rate of year 1980-85 is: (7. 21+5. 63+2. 92+7. 85+3. 96)/5=5. 51 The average real GDP growth rate of year 1985-90 is: (4. 16+4. 31+3. 53+10. 16+6. 13)/5=5. 65 The average real GDP growth rate of year 1990-95 is: (5. 29+1. 43+5. 36+5. 68+6. 39)/5=4. 83 The average real GDP growth rate of year 1995-2000 is: (7. 29+7. 97+4. 30+6. 68+7. 59)/5=6. 76 The average real GDP growth rate of year 2000-05 is: (4. 30+5. 52+3. 99+8. 06+6. 7)/5=5. 76 The average real GDP growth rate of year 2005-10 is: (9. 48+9. 57+9. 32+6. 72+8. 39)/5=8. 69 * Conclusion: As we can see the average real GDP growth rate from 1980-85 is 5. 51 and the average inflation rate of year 1980-85 is 9. 48 as well as the average real GDP growth rate of year 1985-90 is 5. 65 and the average inflation rate of year 1985-90 is 8. 10. So, it can be observed that, when the real GDP growth rates increased in the next consecutive years, the inflation rate has been decreased. Again, average real GDP growth rate of year 1990-95 is 4. 83 and average inflation rate of year 1990-95 is 10. 9. Here with respect to the year 1985-90, the real GDP growth rate is decreasing and the inflation rate is increasing. Further, average real GDP growth rate of year 1995-2000 is 6. 76 and the average inflation rate of year 1995-2000 is 6. 89. Here again, with respect to the year 1990-95, the real GDP growth rate is increasing and the inflation rate is decreasing. Again, average real GDP growth rate of year 2000-05 is 5. 76 and average inflation rate of year 2000-05 is 3. 98. Here with respect to the year 1995-2000, the real GDP growth rate is decreasing and the inflation rate is also decreasing. And, average real GDP growth rate of year 2005-10 is 8. 69 and average inflation rate of year 2005-10 is 6. 21. Here with respect to the year 2000-05, the real GDP growth rate is increasing and the inflation rate is also increasing. THEREFORE, FROM THE ABOVE COMPARISONS, GOING WITH THE MAJORITY, WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT IN INDIA, SINCE THE YEAR 1980-2010, REAL GDP GROWTH RATE AND INFLATION RATE ARE INVERSELY RELATED, AS FOR 3 CASES WE CAN SEE WHEN REAL GDP GROWTH RATES HAVE INCREASED, INFLATION RATES HAVE DECREAS AND VICE VERSA †¦ Now, as per our assignment, we have to compare India’s Trend of Economic Growth with Employment (Since the year 1980 to2010). As we can see the average real GDP growth rate from 1980-85 is 5. 51 and the average employment rate of year 1980-85 is 2. 26 as well as the average real GDP growth rate of year 1985-90 is 5. 65 and the average employment rate of year 1985-90 is 1. 36. So, it can be observed that, when the real GDP growth rates increased in the next consecutive years, the employment rate has decreased. Again, average real GDP growth rate of year 1990-95 is 4. 83 and average employment rate of year 1990-95 is 0. 7. Here with respect to the year 1985-90, the real GDP growth rate is decreasing and the employment rate is also decreasing. Further, average real GDP growth rate of year 1995-2000 is 6. 76 and the average employment rate of year 1995-2000 is 0. 72. Here again, with respect to the year 1990-95, the real GDP growth rate is increasing and the employment rate is dec reasing. Again, average real GDP growth rate of year 2000-05 is 5. 76 and average employment rate of year 2000-05 is 1. 10. Here with respect to the year 1995-2000, the real GDP growth rate is decreasing and the employment rate is increasing. And, average real GDP growth rate of year 2005-10 is 8. 69 and average employment rate of year 2005-10 is 1. 64. Here with respect to the year 2000-05, the real GDP growth rate is increasing and the employment rate is also increasing. THEREFORE, FROM THE ABOVE COMPARISONS, GOING WITH THE MAJORITY, WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT IN INDIA, SINCE THE YEAR 1980-2010, REAL GDP GROWTH RATE AND EMPLOYMENT RATE ARE INVERSELY RELATED, AS FOR 3 CASES WE CAN SEE WHEN REAL GDP GROWTH RATES HAVE INCREASED, EMPLOYMENT RATES HAVE DECREAS AND VICE VERSA †¦ How to cite Inflation Rate, Papers

Kroger American Retailer

Question: Make a list of the steps you would take and the processes you would put in place to identify the quality and delivery standards to which teams should adhere and to monitor and manage team performance so that it consistently meets organisational quality and delivery standards. Against what criteria might you measure performance and what action would you take if performance did not meet the identified standards? Upload your answer for assessment. Answer: External Customer Requirements Kroger is an American retailer that is the largest supermarket chain by its revenues as well as the second largest general retailer. Based on the business planning processes of Kroger, this report investigates and assesses the requirements of the customers in their processes (Jolibert, 2012). The company chooses products that are being researched to establish the requirements of the customers in terms of quality, time as well as specifications of cost. The management of the company supervises a business plan that totally focuses on the services of the customers. This report also summarizes the processes to their employees to identify both quality and delivery standards. It monitors the performance of the team and takes possible actions to meet the customer's requirements. Finally, a questionnaire is prepared that obtain the feedback of the customers in order to improve the provision of their products. Investigating the needs of customers in the planning processes Knowing and understanding the needs of the customers is the center of successful business. It is required to identify the potential as well as existing customers those are buying the products from their stores. The demands of the customers are increasing from time to time due to improvement in the service quality with differentiation of products (Addas and Pinsonneault, 2014). Effective customer satisfaction leads long-term relationship with the customers and it creates a loyalty through its repeating purchase as well as recommendations that help the company to expand the market share as well as its position. Service Quality: Customer needs are achieved by improving the quality of service. It is measured by the service level based on the attitudes such as the facility layout, display of the products, its cost and the proper labeling (Briggs, 2012). Other factors are the location of the store, waiting time, operation hours, queue management, delivery time and other additional services such as parking, loyalty cards as well as merchandise quality. Price: The customers are desired to buy standard products at the lowest prices. Therefore, they shop from the supermarket that offers the lowest prices as well as provides the reasonable range of products to their customers (Ryding, Campaniolo and Carey, 2014). The customers have special tastes such as want to buy fair-trade products as well as organic foods. Branding, labeling and packaging of product: The customers are concerned with the product as well as its secondary features such as the packages and its services. The colors used on the labels as well as packages are attractive to the buyer. Each of the items is labeled individually and it is there should be a language of labeling (Chen et al. 2012). The product needs to be labeled with the language that is spoken by the country's customers. As for example, a cereal box with a picture of US athlete makes a new look and it will be attractive to the overseas customers. Identification of product and customer expectations in terms of quality, time and cost specifications At the time of selling organic products to the customers, there should be a balanced in what is being delivered based on the quality of the products. The quality of the service is what is being advertised. While selling products as well as services, the company ensures that the ordered should be delivered on time and supplied to the consumer on the time. Time management is one of the keys to keeping good customers. The price of the products needs to be competitive in the market (Dandira, 2011). Therefore, the customers shop around as well as if it is not balanced then it will not get the customers as per their expectations. These are three elements balances if the key to having constant customer flow. The following are the three elements of customer expectations: Quality: Kroger that produces the organic products have the challenge to ensure their customers the safety and quality throughout their whole food chain market. A small number of customers are willing to pay higher prices for these products based on its quality as well as product safety. The quality of the organic products ensures their customers that it contains no such food ingredient that has subject to irradiation as well as modified organisms are excluded from its production (Pasquier and Villeneuve, 2012). The customer expects that the percentage of fat in the product is less. The customer chooses organic products based on cell content in the milk, starch content in the potatoes and size of meat. Time: Customers expect for timely delivery of their products and they expect what they have ordered. They are also expecting a reasonable return policy of their products when it is unable to meet the needs (Bouzaabia, Bouzaabia and Capatina, 2013). The company should use a predicted technology for their delivery services such as it gives the customers with a guaranteed one-hour time slot in which the customers can change the delivery destination when they are not at home. Cost: The customer expected that the food sector offers various products at different price points. It offers a middle as well as high-end price with various options (Gronroos and Gummerus, 2014). The customers are expected to pay for the item that is worth valuable as well as worth of the time, effort as well as income. Therefore, the customers expect that the values of the products are connected to the price. The marketers are made up of groups of customers with various sets of expectations on the products as well as customer services that they want to purchase. Marketing oriented businesses are carried out research on the requirements of the customers to ensure that they provide the products that best meet the expectations of customers in the relevant market segment. Supervision of business plan and importance of business plan based on customer service A business plan is a statement that focuses on the business goals and objectives, the reasons why they are believed to be attainable as well as outlines the strategies that are followed to reach the business goals i.e. short as well as long-term goals. Manager: Our Company must have a business plan that focuses on the services of the customer. It is being seen that 70 percent of the consumers have to leave a business as well as buy another business selling the same goods as well as services if they are feeling that they have received poor customer service (Oliveira and Gimeno, 2014). As our businesses are striving to be successful, therefore we cannot able to lose customers over poor customer service. Customers are important for our organization as our products are very dependent on the customer's satisfaction. Employee 1: Based on the customer service, what are the important points that we should remember to achieve the customer satisfaction? Manager: As our business is selling organic products to the customers, at first, we must be concern about the quality of the products and think of health and safety our customers. It helps to provide both revenues as well as the certainty of our business (Jayawardhena and Farrell, 2011). If our businesses are unable to develop customer loyalty, then we will lose our customers. Therefore, a proper business plan is required to expand our business in the marketplace. Employee 2: What are the possible methods to plan a business in order to achieve customer service? Manager: At first, we need a concept presentation plan that consists of the business concept, principles, targeted market, and products of our company. Even this plan cannot consist of any financial projections. We will try to make our specialized service that goes a long way in order to keep customers loyal. Our business plan requires re-evaluating the pricing strategy of our product to meet customer's goals. For premium customers, we should have to deliver the premium level of services that is superior to the competitors. We should try to raise the price levels and the benefit is that we are able to allocate more and more resources in order to create amazing experiences that make the customers satisfied. Our business is planned in such a way that the customers are treated like a boss and we should focus on measuring the customer satisfaction. We should build customer loyalty in order to increase the customer satisfaction (Kursunluoglu, 2014). Moreover, special training should be given to the employees so that they can get the idea of how to survey the customers in the right way. The proper business plan gives an analysis of the business revenue, its price as well as predictable profits. Using the business plan, the new employees are able to know what the company is all about and introduce the employees to suppliers and vendors (Peter and Donnelly, 2013). Therefore, without the business plan, we can lose our customers due to a poor quality delivery of products as well as services as it will earlier forecast how the business will run. Steps and Processes to identify the quality and delivery standards by which the team can manage the team performance It is quite possible to monitor as well as manage the performance by setting goals and plans. When the goals are being supported by the plans, then it is probably to help the team to meet their targets such as delivering standard qualities to the customers. The team members should be clear about the actions that they need to take to meet with business goals, therefore, the objectives of the team should be clear. They should need to identify the sales target as well as reporting procedures and its expected outcomes (Nadiri, 2011).The team should use SMART objective to meet the goals. The qualities of the products are achieved by constant learning of the organizational culture (Ryding, Campaniolo and Carey, 2014). The employees should encourage and attend organizationally sponsored training to visit other companies. It helps them to get new ideas as well as perceptive on it. Develop and use better marketing strategies to monitor progress in order to achieve products as well as services targets with quality standards. The performance against the organization's quality as well as delivery standards is involved to collect the data that are related to the actual performance of the employees as well as maps it against the predictable performance. The performances of the employees are collected using 360-degree evaluation (Witell, 2011). It is used to collect the feedback from the customers as well as it is conducted anonymously. As today's customers are demanding, therefore they want high-quality products with high level of customer service. Service quality gap model is used for delivering quality standards to the customers. It helps to identify the gaps among the actual services as well as customer expectation (Quadrangle, 2015). It closes the gap with improving the services. The delivery gap is because the employees have the lack of product knowledge and they face difficulty in managing customer issues. It arises due to lack of cohesive teams as well as the inability to deliver. Questionnaire to obtain customer feedback to improve the provision of products and services For how long have you been using our products? 1-2 months Over 6 months Over 1 year How often do you use our product or services? Once a week 1-2 times a week Once a month How satisfied are you with our products and services? Very satisfied Satisfied Neutral Unsatisfied Very unsatisfied What impressed you most about our product or service? Quality Price Shopping experience Customer service What you like and dislike about our product/service? What could we have done for better meet your needs? What can we do to make our store more appealing? How effective is the store at resolving customer concerns? Extremely effective Very effective Moderately effective Slightly effective Does our employee give the best customer service? Yes No Would you recommend our products/services to other people?Definitely Probably Not sure References Books Jolibert, A. (2012).Marketing management. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Oliveira, A. and Gimeno, A. (2014).Customer service supply chain management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education. Pasquier, M. and Villeneuve, J. (2012).Marketing management and communications in the public sector. New York: Routledge. Peter, J. and Donnelly, J. (2013).A preface to marketing management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Witell, L. (2011).The theory of attractive quality. Bradford: Emerald Group Pub. Journals Addas, S. and Pinsonneault, A. (2014). IT capabilities and NPD performance: examining the mediating role of team knowledge processes.Knowledge Management Research Practice. Bouzaabia, R., Bouzaabia, O. and Capatina, A. (2013). Retail logistics service quality: a crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cultural survey on customer perceptions.Intl J of Retail Distrib Mgt, 41(8), pp.627-647. Briggs, J. (2012). Investigating situated cultural practices through cross-sectoral digital collaborations: processes, policies, insights.Digital Creativity, 23(2), pp.98-112. Chen, C., Chong, Y., Chang, W. and Yan, W. (2012). A qualitytimecost-oriented strategy for product conceptualization.Advanced Engineering Informatics, 26(1), pp.16-25. Dandira, M. (2011). The impact of executive directors' service contracts on strategic plan.Business Strategy Series, 12(1), pp.12-18. Gronroos, C. and Gummerus, J. (2014). The service revolution and its marketing implications: service logic vs service-dominant logic.Managing Service Quality, 24(3), pp.206-229. Jayawardhena, C. and Farrell, A. (2011). Effects of retail employees' behaviours on customers' service evaluation.Intl J of Retail Distrib Mgt, 39(3), pp.203-217. Kursunluoglu, E. (2014). Shopping centre customer service: creating customer satisfaction and loyalty.Marketing Intelligence Planning, 32(4), pp.528-548. Nadiri, H. (2011). Customers zone of tolerance for retail stores.Serv Bus, 5(2), pp.113-137. Ryding, D., Campaniolo, D. and Carey, R. (2014). Customer expectations and perceptions of food product quality in the UK discount grocery sector.IJBG, 13(1), p.91. Website Quadrangle, (2015).Customer Satisfaction Research 2014/2015. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/483705/Exec_Summary_-_Insolvency_Service_Customer_Satisfaction_report__2015-11-___.pdf [Accessed 2 Jan. 2016].

World War 1 Origins (How and Why the War Started)

Introduction Since time immemorial the world has witnessed wars between different groups, states, countries, and allies. Initially, the motive behind wars was survival. Ancient people fought in order to usurp land for cultivation. Gradually, as the world population grew, the motives behind wars became multifarious.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World War 1 Origins (How and Why the War Started) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different groups and countries started fighting with each other in order to gain control of areas where there were natural resources such as gold. Another reason for war was to gain access to routes generally used for movement of commodities from the starting place to the consumption areas. It is understood that after a war, one group prospered at the cost of another. Religion also has been an instigating factor for many wars. However, in all the wars, the motive was to gain advantage of s ome sort. During the past years, when countries came together as allies, there have been instances when allies of a particular group had to go to war just because they wanted to safeguard themselves from the disadvantages of not participating in the war. In this paper, we shall discuss the reasons that led to World War 1. â€Å"World War 1 began in eastern Europe. The war started when Serbia, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Germany decided that war or the risk of war was an acceptable policy option[1]†. Causes of World War 1 General Causes Alliances 1879 onwards, the world witnessed formation of alliances between nations having similar interests. Following are some of the major alliances that took place: The Dual Alliance: Germany and Austria-Hungary entered into an alliance in 1879 in order to defend against Russia. Austro-Serbian Alliance: Austria-Hungary and Serbia entered into an alliance in 1881 in order to prevent Russia from asserting power in Serbia. The Triple Alliance : Germany and Austria-Hungary entered into an alliance with Italy in 1882 so that the latter could not favor Russia’s moves. Franco-Russian Alliance: Russia and France entered into an alliance in 1894 in order to protect their countries from the Dual Alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Entente Cordiale: France and Britain entered into a formal agreement in 1904 in order to protect each other’s interests. Anglo-Russian Entente: Britain and Russia entered into a formal agreement in 1907 in order to protect each other’s interests. Triple Entente: Russia, France and Britain entered into an alliance to counteract Germany’s growing threats. Later, in 1914 and under the same alliance, all the three countries concurred that they will not sign any peace treaty without mutual consent. All these alliances (from 1879 to 1914) forced some countries to go to war just because they were in some alliance.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Imperialism Imperialism is a term used for instances where any country usurps any other country’s land and asserts its supremacy and power. Due to the incessant progress of industrialization, countries felt the need of venturing into fresh marketplaces. By the year 1900, Britain had extended its empire in five continents and France controlled major parts of Africa. The increase of both these countries’ power did not go well with Germany; Germany had only small areas under its rule. Following is a map that depicts the colonies of these three major European players in 1914. Source: http://www.historyonthenet.com/WW1/empiremap.htm William Anthony Hay claims that according to McMeekin, a tutor of international relations, â€Å"The war’s real catalyst lay in Russia’s ambition to supplant the waning Ottoman Empire in the Near East and to control the Turkish straits – the Bosphorus and Dardanelles – linking the Black Sea and the Mediterranean[2]†. But Richard Evans contradicts this opinion by stating that â€Å"In the end it was the Austro-Hungarian invasion of Serbia that set off the process that ended in the outbreak of World War 1, not Russian ambitions in the Straits[3]. But if we think logically, no country will enter into a war without personal interests.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World War 1 Origins (How and Why the War Started) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alliances were also made to serve individual interests. So it is wrong to say that Russia did not have any interest or ambitions in the Straits. Russia was an industrialized nation and needed to sell its products to people in other nations. For this purpose, it needed a safe passage and new markets. Militarism When any country gives preference to its army, it is said to be following militarism. The growing al liances among various nations prompted nations to empower their army with more arms and ammunitions. France and Germany doubled the strengths of their respective armies. Britain and Germany seemed to be in a competition of better sea control. In 1906, Britain launched the ‘Dreadnought’, considered to be a very efficient battleship. Following the footsteps, Germany also launched its own version of impressive battleships. The following illustration shows how Germany planned to attack France in case Russia attacked Germany; France and Russia were allies. So due to the alliance, Russia was bound to retaliate when one of its allies was attacked. â€Å"A military revolution occurred in the seventeenth century. The most important of the many changes was a considerable growth in the size of the armies. Those large forces could no longer live off the land: steal supplies from the populace[4]†. NationalismAdvertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More We all have love for our respective countries. So did the people of that period. Austria-Hungary and Serbia had different radical groups trying to free their states from foreign involvement. Both Italy and Germany were divided. People of these countries wanted unification. â€Å"Along with the history of imperial machinations, however, World War 1 should be understood in the context of the popular imagination and the growth of nationalist sentiment in Europe[5]†. The Crisis Moroccan Crisis As part of an understanding, Britain gave control of Morocco to France in 1904. The Moroccan people wanted freedom. Germany, in order to take an advantage of the situation, proclaimed its support for the freedom of Morocco. A conference was held that allowed France to continue its control over Morocco and a war was averted. Again, in 1911, Germany started pronouncing its support for the Moroccan independence but again it was persuaded to compromise its stand on the issue. Bosnian Crisis Bos nia (a Turkish province) was taken over by Austria-Hungary in 1908. This action of Austria-Hungary did not go well with the Serbians. The Serbians thought Bosnia was under them. As such, a conflict aroused. Serbia proclaimed war over Austria-Hungary. Russia supported Serbia and Germany supported Austria-Hungary. A war was about to start but at the nick of the time Russia backed off and the war was averted. But tensions were still mounting up between Serbia and Austria-Hungary. â€Å"It is true that during July the German decision makers sometimes expressed the hope that the conflict would be localized: in other words that Austria would be able to vanquish Serbia without Russian Intervention[6]†. Dale Copeland argues that â€Å"Germany actively sought war in July 1914 and that German leaders by the end of July preferred world war to a negotiated peace, even to one that gave Austria most of what it wanted[7]†. The Immediate Trigger World War 1 started in the year 1914. T he assassination of Austria’s Archduke, Franz Ferdinand, acted as a trigger to World War 1. Franz Ferdinand and his wife were murdered in 1914 by Gavrilo Princip, member of a Bosnian radical group. â€Å"The crumbling Austro-Hungarian Empire decided, after the assassination on 28 June, to take action against Serbia, which was suspected of being behind the murder[8]†. This was considered to be an immediate reason for the war but the real reasons seem to be more complex and are still topics of debate among various historians. According to William Anthony Hay, â€Å"Germany bears responsibility for the war, in this view, because its leaders deliberately turned a regional clash between Austria-Hungary and Serbia into an existential Struggle of rival alliances[9]†. Hay is right in his opinion because history reveals that there were other options with Germany that could have averted the war. But since Germany wanted to gain on its own interests, it forced other countr ies to plunge into a war that they did not intend. â€Å"The size and wealth of the conquered Eastern territories easily outweighed what would have been lost had the Germans withdrawn from Belgium and France. Had they done so, France might have made peace and the anti-German coalition collapsed[10]†. Conclusion All these instances make us to believe that Germany was behind waging the World War 1. In its ambitions to usurp power, Germany was thought to have instigated the war. But it is to be understood that down the years, historians put an end to the controversy as to which country was responsible for the World War 1. Historians from the two main countries (Germany and France) came to an understanding that none of their countries should be blamed for instigating World War 1. It was the policies of militarization of each of the participating countries that led to the war. But certain facts still point the finger towards Germany. After the war started, some confidential docume nts were discovered that suggested that the German government had vast plans of extending its territory due to the economic requirements. Bibliography Copeland, Dale. The Origins of Major War. New York: Cornell University Press, 2001. Evans, Richard. â€Å"The Road to Slaughter.† New Republic. Last modified 2011. http://www.newrepublic.com/book/review/the-road-slaughter#. Fergusan, Niall. â€Å"Germany and the origins of the First World War: New Perspectives.† The Historical Journal 35, no. 3 (1992): 725-752. Hamilton, Richard and Holger Herwig. The Origins of World War 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Hay, William. â€Å"Ambition in the East.† The Wall Street Journal. Last modified December 23, 2011. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204791104577110422769202402.html. Merriman, John. â€Å"The Origins of World War 1.† Yale University. Last modified 2013. http://www.academicearth.org/lectures/origins-world-war-i. Sheffield, Gary. â€Å"The Origins of World War One.† BBC. Last modified March 8, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/origins_01.shtml. Williamson, Samuel. â€Å"The Origins of World War 1.† Journal of Interdisciplinary History 18, no. 4 (1988): 795-818. Footnotes Samuel Williamson, â€Å"The Origins of World War 1,† Journal of Interdisciplinary History 18, no. 4 (1988): 795. William Anthony Hay, â€Å"Ambition in the East,† The Wall Street Journal, 2011,   http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204791104577110422769202402.html. Richard Evans, â€Å"The Road to Slaughter,† 2011, http://www.newrepublic.com/book/review/the-road-slaughter#. Richard Hamilton and Holger Herwig, The Origins of World War 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 5. John Merriman, â€Å"The Origins of World War 1,† Yale University, 2013, http://www.academicearth.org/lectures/origins-world-war-i. Niall Fergusan, â€Å"Germany and the origins of the F irst World War: New Perspectives†, Historical Journal 35, no. 3 (1992): 731. Dale Copeland, The Origins of Major War (New York: Cornell University Press, 2001), 79. Gary Sheffield, â€Å"The Origins of World War One,† BBC, 08 March 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/origins_01.shtml. William Anthony Hay, â€Å"Ambition in the East† in The Wall Street Journal Gary Sheffield, â€Å"The Origins of World War One,† BBC, 08 March 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/origins_01.shtml. This essay on World War 1 Origins (How and Why the War Started) was written and submitted by user Kyndall Jennings to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.