Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Mitochondrial Dna And Its Effect On Human Behavior Essay

Introduction Plasmid was a term introduced by Lederburg in 1952 as a descriptive for genetic material that is located outside of the nucleus of a cell at points or the entirety of its replication cycle and origionates from and returns to chromosomal DNA (Lederberg, 1952). In 1968 this descriptive was adapted to being elements of the genetic material that are generally located outside of the chromosome and can carry out self-replication. recognition that it also didn’t cause cell damage which highlighted that it was different from a virus (Lederberg, 1998). The features of plasmids such as size, being extrachromosomal along with the ability of self-replication provide a basis for manipulation of genetic material alongside the ability to analyse the roles of different variations. In this report it is shown how certain techniques are carried out along with the reasoning behind the methodology to isolate and manipulate plasmids within E.coli. The initial step in the protocol was to isolate the plasmid DNA, plasmid DNA is useful when conducting experiments involving gene manipulation this is due to the determination of plasmid and chromosomal DNA. Plasmid DNA generally do not contain genes that are needed for the cells regulation (housekeeping), a genetic element that contains the genes for the cells regulation would be classified as chromosomal DNA. Due to plasmids not carrying DNA responsible for the cell to survive normal conditions they provide a gateway toward the productionShow MoreRelatedAutosomal Dominant Autosomal Recessive Disorder1048 Words   |  5 Pagescreate a different protein. However, both alleles effect the genetic trait. Mitochondrial inheritance, which is more commonly known as maternal inheritance, corresponds to genes in the mothers DNA. Egg cells are responsible to supply the DNA to the embryo. 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Monday, December 16, 2019

Inflation Rate Free Essays

string(19) " tend to be lower\." Assignment On India’s Trend of Economic Growth and Employment (Since the year 1980 to2010) Submitted to DR. TAPAS KUMAR PAL Presented By * ARNABI BOSE (Roll- 1) * DIPA DAS (Roll- 10) * PURNAMRITA MALLICK (Roll- 3) * SWATI AGARWAL (Roll- 25) * TISTA BISWAS (Roll- 26) (MHROM 1st semester, Calcutta University) CHART SHOWING DATA OF NOMINAL REAL GDP, GROWTH RATE, INFLATION DEFLATION RATE AND EMPLOYMENT (PUBLIC PRIVATE SECTOR) IN INDIA SINCE 1980 TO 2010 Year| NominalGDP(Rs. )| NominalGDP Growth Rate(%)| RealGDP(Rs. We will write a custom essay sample on Inflation Rate or any similar topic only for you Order Now | RealGDP Growth Rate(%)| Deflator| InflationRate(%)| Public Sector(million)| PrivateSector(million)| Total Employment(million)| EmploymentRate(%)| 1980-81| 1368. 38| 19. 51| 7985. 06| 7. 21| 17. 14| 11. 51| 15. 48| 7. 40| 22. 88| 2. 3| 1981-82| 1602. 13| 17. 08| 8434. 26| 5. 63| 18. 99| 10. 79| 16. 28| 7. 53| 23. 81| 4. 06| 1982-83| 1789. 85| 11. 72| 8680. 91| 2. 92| 20. 62| 8. 58| 16. 75| 7. 39| 24. 14| 1. 38| 1983-84| 2093. 56| 16. 97| 9362. 69| 7. 85| 22. 36| 8. 43| 17. 22| 7. 36| 24. 58| 1. 82| 1984-85| 2351. 13| 12. 30| 9733. 57| 3. 96| 24. 15| 8. 00| 17. 58| 7. 43| 25. 01| 1. 4| 1985-86| 2627. 17| 11. 74| 10138. 66| 4. 16| 25. 91| 7. 28| 17. 68| 7. 37| 25. 05| 1. 71| 1986-87| 2929. 24| 11. 48| 10576. 12| 4. 31| 27. 69| 6. 86| 18. 24| 7. 39| 25. 63| 2. 31| 1987-88| 3320. 68| 13. 36| 10949. 92| 3. 53| 30. 32| 9. 49| 18. 32| 7. 39| 25. 71| 0. 31| 1988-89| 3962. 95| 19. 34| 12062. 43| 10. 16| 32. 85| 8. 34| 18. 51| 7. 45| 25. 96| 0. 97| 1989-90| 4565. 40| 15. 20| 12802. 28| 6. 13 | 35. 66| 8. 55| 18. 77| 7. 58| 26. 35| 1. 50| 1990-91| 5318. 13| 16. 49| 13478. 89| 5. 29| 39. 45| 10. 62| 19. 06| 7. 68| 26. 74| 1. 48| 1991-92| 6135. 28| 15. 37| 13671. 71| 1. 3| 44. 87| 13. 73| 19. 21| 7. 85| 27. 06| 1. 19| 1992-93| 7037. 23| 14. 70| 14405. 03| 5. 36| 48. 85| 8. 87| 19. 33| 7. 85| 27. 18| 0. 44| 1993-94| 8197. 61| 16. 49| 15223. 43| 5. 68| 53. 85| 10. 23| 19. 45| 7. 93| 27. 38| 0. 73| 1994-95| 9553. 85| 16. 54| 16196. 94| 6. 39| 58. 98| 9. 52| 19. 47| 8. 06| 27. 53| 0. 54| 1995-96| 11185. 86| 17. 08| 17377. 40| 7. 29| 64. 37| 9. 13| 19. 43| 8. 51| 27. 94| 1. 48| 1996-97| 13017. 88| 16. 38| 18763. 19| 7. 97| 69. 38| 7. 78| 19. 56| 8. 69| 28. 25| 1. 10| 1997-98| 14476. 13| 11. 20| 19570. 31| 4. 30| 73. 97| 6. 61| 19. 42| 8. 75| 28. 17| 0. 8| Year| NominalGDP(billion)| NominalGDP Growth Rate(%)| RealGDP(billion)| RealGDP Growth Rate(%)| Deflator(%)| InflationRate(%)| Public Sector(million)| PrivateSector(million)| Total Employment(million)| EmploymentRate(%)| 1998- 99| 16687. 39| 15. 28| 20878. 27| 6. 68| 79. 93| 8. 05| 19. 41| 8. 70| 28. 11| 0. 21| 1999-00| 18472. 73| 10. 70| 22462. 76| 7. 59| 82. 24| 2. 89| 19. 31| 8. 65| 27. 96| 0. 53| 2000-01| 19919. 82| 7. 83| 23427. 74| 4. 30| 85. 03| 3. 39| 19. 14| 8. 65| 27. 79| 0. 60| 2001-02| 21677. 45| 8. 82| 24720. 52| 5. 52| 87. 69| 3. 12| 18. 77| 8. 43| 27. 20| 2. 12| 2002-03| 23382. 00| 7. 86| 25706. 0| 3. 99| 90. 95| 3. 71| 18. 58| 8. 44| 27. 02| 0. 66| 2003-04| 26222. 16| 12. 15| 27778. 13| 8. 06| 94. 39| 3. 78| 18. 20| 8. 25| 26. 45| 2. 10| 2004-05| 29714. 64| 13. 32| 29714. 64| 6. 97| 100| 5. 94| 18. 01| 8. 45| 26. 46| 0. 03| 2005-06| 33905. 03| 14. 10| 32530. 73| 9. 48| 104. 32| 4. 32| 18. 19| 8. 77| 26. 96| 1. 88| 2006-07| 39532. 76| 16. 60| 35643. 63| 9. 57| 110. 91| 6. 31| 18. 00| 9. 24| 27. 24| 1. 03| 2007-08| 45820. 86| 15. 91| 38966. 36| 9. 32| 117. 59| 6. 02| 17. 67| 9. 88| 27. 55| 1. 13| 2008-09| 53035. 67| 15. 75| 41586. 76| 6. 72| 127. 53| 8. 45| 17. 80| 10. 38| 28. 18| 2. 28| 200 9-10| 60914. 5| 14. 86| 45076. 37| 8. 39| 135. 13| 5. 96| 17. 86| 10. 85| 28. 71| 1. 88| * INTRODUCTION: * What is GDP? Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country’s standard of living GDP = private consumption + gross investment + government spending + (exports ? imports) * Nominal GDP is GDP evaluated at current market prices. Therefore, nominal GDP will include all of the changes in market prices that have occurred during the current year due to inflation or deflation. In order to abstract from changes in the overall price level, another measure of GDP called real GDP is often used. Real GDP is GDP evaluated at the market prices of some base year. For example, if 1990 were chosen as the base year, then real GDP for 1995 is calculated by taking the quantities of all goods and services purchased in 1995 and multi plying them by their 1990 prices. * Inflation is defined as a rise in the overall price level, and deflation is defined as a fall in the overall price level. The inflation rate is one of the most important economic forces consistently weighing on the value of a nation’s currency. Low Inflation Causes Growth: It is argued that low inflation can contribute to a higher rate of growth in the long term. This is because low inflation helps promote stability, confidence, and security and therefore encourages investment. This investment helps promote long term economic growth. If an economy has periods of high and volatile inflation rates, then rates of economic growth tend to be lower. You read "Inflation Rate" in category "Papers" * High Inflation and Low Growth: It is possible that an economy can experience low growth and high inflation this can occur if there is cost push inflation. Cost push inflation could be caused by rising oil prices. It increases costs for firms and reduces disposable income. Therefore, there is lower growth, whilst high inflation. * What is the relationship between inflation unemployment and Real GDP? During peak periods of the business cycle when the economy is experiencing rapid growth in real GDP, employment will increase as businesses seek workers to produce a higher output. If real GDP grows too quickly, however, it can cause price inflation as firms are forced to bid against one another or increasingly scarce workers. In contrast during trough periods of the business cycle the economy is experiencing declines in real GDP, and employment rates are low. This is classic Neo-Keynesian economic theory. * Workings: 1. Calculation for Deflator: (Nominal GDP/Real GDP)*100 2. Calculation for Inflation Rate: {(Current Year’s GDP Deflator – Previous Year’s GDP Deflator) / Previous Year’s GDP Deflator}* 100 3. Calcul ation for Growth Rate: {(Current Year Growth Rate-Previous Year Growth Rate)/Previous Year Growth Rate}*100 4. Calculation for Employment Rate: (Current Year Employment Rate-Previous Year Employment Rate)/Previous Year Employment Rate}*100 # We have calculated nominal GDP and Real GDP at the Factor Cost. * The average inflation rate with a 5-years interval is calculated below: The average inflation rate of year 1980-85 is: (11. 51+10. 79+8. 58+8. 53+8)/5=9. 48 The average inflation rate of year 1985-90 is: (7. 28+6. 86+9. 49+8. 34+8. 55)/5=8. 10 The average inflation rate of year 1990-95 is: (10. 62+13. 73+8. 87+10. 23+9. 52)/5=10. 59 The average inflation rate of year 1995-2000 is: (9. 13+7. 78+6. 61+8. 05+2. 89)/5=6. 89 The average inflation rate of year 2000-05 is: 3. 39+3. 12+3. 71+3. 78+5. 94)/5=3. 98 The average inflation rate of year 2005-10 is: (4. 32+6. 31+6. 02+8. 45+5. 96)/5=6. 21 * The average Employment Rate with a 5-years interval is calculated below: The average emplo yment rate of year 1980-85: (2. 3+4. 06+1. 38+1. 82+1. 74)/5=2. 26 The average employment rate of year 1985-90: (1. 71+2. 31+0. 31+0. 97+1. 50)/5=1. 36 The average employment rate of year 1990-95: (1. 48+1. 19+0. 44+0. 73+0. 54)/5=0. 87 The average employment rate of year 1995-2000: (1. 48+1. 10+0. 28+0. 21+0. 53)/5=0. 72 The average employment rate of year 2000-05: (0. 60+2. 12+0. 66+2. 10+0. 03)/5=1. 0 The average employment rate of year 2005-10: (1. 88+1. 03+1. 13+2. 28+1. 88)/5=1. 64 * The average Real GDP Growth rate with a 5-years interval is calculated below: The average real GDP growth rate of year 1980-85 is: (7. 21+5. 63+2. 92+7. 85+3. 96)/5=5. 51 The average real GDP growth rate of year 1985-90 is: (4. 16+4. 31+3. 53+10. 16+6. 13)/5=5. 65 The average real GDP growth rate of year 1990-95 is: (5. 29+1. 43+5. 36+5. 68+6. 39)/5=4. 83 The average real GDP growth rate of year 1995-2000 is: (7. 29+7. 97+4. 30+6. 68+7. 59)/5=6. 76 The average real GDP growth rate of year 2000-05 is: (4. 30+5. 52+3. 99+8. 06+6. 7)/5=5. 76 The average real GDP growth rate of year 2005-10 is: (9. 48+9. 57+9. 32+6. 72+8. 39)/5=8. 69 * Conclusion: As we can see the average real GDP growth rate from 1980-85 is 5. 51 and the average inflation rate of year 1980-85 is 9. 48 as well as the average real GDP growth rate of year 1985-90 is 5. 65 and the average inflation rate of year 1985-90 is 8. 10. So, it can be observed that, when the real GDP growth rates increased in the next consecutive years, the inflation rate has been decreased. Again, average real GDP growth rate of year 1990-95 is 4. 83 and average inflation rate of year 1990-95 is 10. 9. Here with respect to the year 1985-90, the real GDP growth rate is decreasing and the inflation rate is increasing. Further, average real GDP growth rate of year 1995-2000 is 6. 76 and the average inflation rate of year 1995-2000 is 6. 89. Here again, with respect to the year 1990-95, the real GDP growth rate is increasing and the inflation rate is decreasing. Again, average real GDP growth rate of year 2000-05 is 5. 76 and average inflation rate of year 2000-05 is 3. 98. Here with respect to the year 1995-2000, the real GDP growth rate is decreasing and the inflation rate is also decreasing. And, average real GDP growth rate of year 2005-10 is 8. 69 and average inflation rate of year 2005-10 is 6. 21. Here with respect to the year 2000-05, the real GDP growth rate is increasing and the inflation rate is also increasing. THEREFORE, FROM THE ABOVE COMPARISONS, GOING WITH THE MAJORITY, WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT IN INDIA, SINCE THE YEAR 1980-2010, REAL GDP GROWTH RATE AND INFLATION RATE ARE INVERSELY RELATED, AS FOR 3 CASES WE CAN SEE WHEN REAL GDP GROWTH RATES HAVE INCREASED, INFLATION RATES HAVE DECREAS AND VICE VERSA †¦ Now, as per our assignment, we have to compare India’s Trend of Economic Growth with Employment (Since the year 1980 to2010). As we can see the average real GDP growth rate from 1980-85 is 5. 51 and the average employment rate of year 1980-85 is 2. 26 as well as the average real GDP growth rate of year 1985-90 is 5. 65 and the average employment rate of year 1985-90 is 1. 36. So, it can be observed that, when the real GDP growth rates increased in the next consecutive years, the employment rate has decreased. Again, average real GDP growth rate of year 1990-95 is 4. 83 and average employment rate of year 1990-95 is 0. 7. Here with respect to the year 1985-90, the real GDP growth rate is decreasing and the employment rate is also decreasing. Further, average real GDP growth rate of year 1995-2000 is 6. 76 and the average employment rate of year 1995-2000 is 0. 72. Here again, with respect to the year 1990-95, the real GDP growth rate is increasing and the employment rate is dec reasing. Again, average real GDP growth rate of year 2000-05 is 5. 76 and average employment rate of year 2000-05 is 1. 10. Here with respect to the year 1995-2000, the real GDP growth rate is decreasing and the employment rate is increasing. And, average real GDP growth rate of year 2005-10 is 8. 69 and average employment rate of year 2005-10 is 1. 64. Here with respect to the year 2000-05, the real GDP growth rate is increasing and the employment rate is also increasing. THEREFORE, FROM THE ABOVE COMPARISONS, GOING WITH THE MAJORITY, WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT IN INDIA, SINCE THE YEAR 1980-2010, REAL GDP GROWTH RATE AND EMPLOYMENT RATE ARE INVERSELY RELATED, AS FOR 3 CASES WE CAN SEE WHEN REAL GDP GROWTH RATES HAVE INCREASED, EMPLOYMENT RATES HAVE DECREAS AND VICE VERSA †¦ How to cite Inflation Rate, Papers

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Kroger American Retailer

Question: Make a list of the steps you would take and the processes you would put in place to identify the quality and delivery standards to which teams should adhere and to monitor and manage team performance so that it consistently meets organisational quality and delivery standards. Against what criteria might you measure performance and what action would you take if performance did not meet the identified standards? Upload your answer for assessment. Answer: External Customer Requirements Kroger is an American retailer that is the largest supermarket chain by its revenues as well as the second largest general retailer. Based on the business planning processes of Kroger, this report investigates and assesses the requirements of the customers in their processes (Jolibert, 2012). The company chooses products that are being researched to establish the requirements of the customers in terms of quality, time as well as specifications of cost. The management of the company supervises a business plan that totally focuses on the services of the customers. This report also summarizes the processes to their employees to identify both quality and delivery standards. It monitors the performance of the team and takes possible actions to meet the customer's requirements. Finally, a questionnaire is prepared that obtain the feedback of the customers in order to improve the provision of their products. Investigating the needs of customers in the planning processes Knowing and understanding the needs of the customers is the center of successful business. It is required to identify the potential as well as existing customers those are buying the products from their stores. The demands of the customers are increasing from time to time due to improvement in the service quality with differentiation of products (Addas and Pinsonneault, 2014). Effective customer satisfaction leads long-term relationship with the customers and it creates a loyalty through its repeating purchase as well as recommendations that help the company to expand the market share as well as its position. Service Quality: Customer needs are achieved by improving the quality of service. It is measured by the service level based on the attitudes such as the facility layout, display of the products, its cost and the proper labeling (Briggs, 2012). Other factors are the location of the store, waiting time, operation hours, queue management, delivery time and other additional services such as parking, loyalty cards as well as merchandise quality. Price: The customers are desired to buy standard products at the lowest prices. Therefore, they shop from the supermarket that offers the lowest prices as well as provides the reasonable range of products to their customers (Ryding, Campaniolo and Carey, 2014). The customers have special tastes such as want to buy fair-trade products as well as organic foods. Branding, labeling and packaging of product: The customers are concerned with the product as well as its secondary features such as the packages and its services. The colors used on the labels as well as packages are attractive to the buyer. Each of the items is labeled individually and it is there should be a language of labeling (Chen et al. 2012). The product needs to be labeled with the language that is spoken by the country's customers. As for example, a cereal box with a picture of US athlete makes a new look and it will be attractive to the overseas customers. Identification of product and customer expectations in terms of quality, time and cost specifications At the time of selling organic products to the customers, there should be a balanced in what is being delivered based on the quality of the products. The quality of the service is what is being advertised. While selling products as well as services, the company ensures that the ordered should be delivered on time and supplied to the consumer on the time. Time management is one of the keys to keeping good customers. The price of the products needs to be competitive in the market (Dandira, 2011). Therefore, the customers shop around as well as if it is not balanced then it will not get the customers as per their expectations. These are three elements balances if the key to having constant customer flow. The following are the three elements of customer expectations: Quality: Kroger that produces the organic products have the challenge to ensure their customers the safety and quality throughout their whole food chain market. A small number of customers are willing to pay higher prices for these products based on its quality as well as product safety. The quality of the organic products ensures their customers that it contains no such food ingredient that has subject to irradiation as well as modified organisms are excluded from its production (Pasquier and Villeneuve, 2012). The customer expects that the percentage of fat in the product is less. The customer chooses organic products based on cell content in the milk, starch content in the potatoes and size of meat. Time: Customers expect for timely delivery of their products and they expect what they have ordered. They are also expecting a reasonable return policy of their products when it is unable to meet the needs (Bouzaabia, Bouzaabia and Capatina, 2013). The company should use a predicted technology for their delivery services such as it gives the customers with a guaranteed one-hour time slot in which the customers can change the delivery destination when they are not at home. Cost: The customer expected that the food sector offers various products at different price points. It offers a middle as well as high-end price with various options (Gronroos and Gummerus, 2014). The customers are expected to pay for the item that is worth valuable as well as worth of the time, effort as well as income. Therefore, the customers expect that the values of the products are connected to the price. The marketers are made up of groups of customers with various sets of expectations on the products as well as customer services that they want to purchase. Marketing oriented businesses are carried out research on the requirements of the customers to ensure that they provide the products that best meet the expectations of customers in the relevant market segment. Supervision of business plan and importance of business plan based on customer service A business plan is a statement that focuses on the business goals and objectives, the reasons why they are believed to be attainable as well as outlines the strategies that are followed to reach the business goals i.e. short as well as long-term goals. Manager: Our Company must have a business plan that focuses on the services of the customer. It is being seen that 70 percent of the consumers have to leave a business as well as buy another business selling the same goods as well as services if they are feeling that they have received poor customer service (Oliveira and Gimeno, 2014). As our businesses are striving to be successful, therefore we cannot able to lose customers over poor customer service. Customers are important for our organization as our products are very dependent on the customer's satisfaction. Employee 1: Based on the customer service, what are the important points that we should remember to achieve the customer satisfaction? Manager: As our business is selling organic products to the customers, at first, we must be concern about the quality of the products and think of health and safety our customers. It helps to provide both revenues as well as the certainty of our business (Jayawardhena and Farrell, 2011). If our businesses are unable to develop customer loyalty, then we will lose our customers. Therefore, a proper business plan is required to expand our business in the marketplace. Employee 2: What are the possible methods to plan a business in order to achieve customer service? Manager: At first, we need a concept presentation plan that consists of the business concept, principles, targeted market, and products of our company. Even this plan cannot consist of any financial projections. We will try to make our specialized service that goes a long way in order to keep customers loyal. Our business plan requires re-evaluating the pricing strategy of our product to meet customer's goals. For premium customers, we should have to deliver the premium level of services that is superior to the competitors. We should try to raise the price levels and the benefit is that we are able to allocate more and more resources in order to create amazing experiences that make the customers satisfied. Our business is planned in such a way that the customers are treated like a boss and we should focus on measuring the customer satisfaction. We should build customer loyalty in order to increase the customer satisfaction (Kursunluoglu, 2014). Moreover, special training should be given to the employees so that they can get the idea of how to survey the customers in the right way. The proper business plan gives an analysis of the business revenue, its price as well as predictable profits. Using the business plan, the new employees are able to know what the company is all about and introduce the employees to suppliers and vendors (Peter and Donnelly, 2013). Therefore, without the business plan, we can lose our customers due to a poor quality delivery of products as well as services as it will earlier forecast how the business will run. Steps and Processes to identify the quality and delivery standards by which the team can manage the team performance It is quite possible to monitor as well as manage the performance by setting goals and plans. When the goals are being supported by the plans, then it is probably to help the team to meet their targets such as delivering standard qualities to the customers. The team members should be clear about the actions that they need to take to meet with business goals, therefore, the objectives of the team should be clear. They should need to identify the sales target as well as reporting procedures and its expected outcomes (Nadiri, 2011).The team should use SMART objective to meet the goals. The qualities of the products are achieved by constant learning of the organizational culture (Ryding, Campaniolo and Carey, 2014). The employees should encourage and attend organizationally sponsored training to visit other companies. It helps them to get new ideas as well as perceptive on it. Develop and use better marketing strategies to monitor progress in order to achieve products as well as services targets with quality standards. The performance against the organization's quality as well as delivery standards is involved to collect the data that are related to the actual performance of the employees as well as maps it against the predictable performance. The performances of the employees are collected using 360-degree evaluation (Witell, 2011). It is used to collect the feedback from the customers as well as it is conducted anonymously. As today's customers are demanding, therefore they want high-quality products with high level of customer service. Service quality gap model is used for delivering quality standards to the customers. It helps to identify the gaps among the actual services as well as customer expectation (Quadrangle, 2015). It closes the gap with improving the services. The delivery gap is because the employees have the lack of product knowledge and they face difficulty in managing customer issues. It arises due to lack of cohesive teams as well as the inability to deliver. Questionnaire to obtain customer feedback to improve the provision of products and services For how long have you been using our products? 1-2 months Over 6 months Over 1 year How often do you use our product or services? Once a week 1-2 times a week Once a month How satisfied are you with our products and services? Very satisfied Satisfied Neutral Unsatisfied Very unsatisfied What impressed you most about our product or service? Quality Price Shopping experience Customer service What you like and dislike about our product/service? What could we have done for better meet your needs? What can we do to make our store more appealing? How effective is the store at resolving customer concerns? Extremely effective Very effective Moderately effective Slightly effective Does our employee give the best customer service? Yes No Would you recommend our products/services to other people?Definitely Probably Not sure References Books Jolibert, A. (2012).Marketing management. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Oliveira, A. and Gimeno, A. (2014).Customer service supply chain management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education. Pasquier, M. and Villeneuve, J. (2012).Marketing management and communications in the public sector. New York: Routledge. Peter, J. and Donnelly, J. (2013).A preface to marketing management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Witell, L. (2011).The theory of attractive quality. Bradford: Emerald Group Pub. Journals Addas, S. and Pinsonneault, A. (2014). IT capabilities and NPD performance: examining the mediating role of team knowledge processes.Knowledge Management Research Practice. Bouzaabia, R., Bouzaabia, O. and Capatina, A. (2013). Retail logistics service quality: a crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cultural survey on customer perceptions.Intl J of Retail Distrib Mgt, 41(8), pp.627-647. Briggs, J. (2012). Investigating situated cultural practices through cross-sectoral digital collaborations: processes, policies, insights.Digital Creativity, 23(2), pp.98-112. Chen, C., Chong, Y., Chang, W. and Yan, W. (2012). A qualitytimecost-oriented strategy for product conceptualization.Advanced Engineering Informatics, 26(1), pp.16-25. Dandira, M. (2011). The impact of executive directors' service contracts on strategic plan.Business Strategy Series, 12(1), pp.12-18. Gronroos, C. and Gummerus, J. (2014). The service revolution and its marketing implications: service logic vs service-dominant logic.Managing Service Quality, 24(3), pp.206-229. Jayawardhena, C. and Farrell, A. (2011). Effects of retail employees' behaviours on customers' service evaluation.Intl J of Retail Distrib Mgt, 39(3), pp.203-217. Kursunluoglu, E. (2014). Shopping centre customer service: creating customer satisfaction and loyalty.Marketing Intelligence Planning, 32(4), pp.528-548. Nadiri, H. (2011). Customers zone of tolerance for retail stores.Serv Bus, 5(2), pp.113-137. Ryding, D., Campaniolo, D. and Carey, R. (2014). Customer expectations and perceptions of food product quality in the UK discount grocery sector.IJBG, 13(1), p.91. Website Quadrangle, (2015).Customer Satisfaction Research 2014/2015. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/483705/Exec_Summary_-_Insolvency_Service_Customer_Satisfaction_report__2015-11-___.pdf [Accessed 2 Jan. 2016].

Sunday, December 1, 2019

World War 1 Origins (How and Why the War Started)

Introduction Since time immemorial the world has witnessed wars between different groups, states, countries, and allies. Initially, the motive behind wars was survival. Ancient people fought in order to usurp land for cultivation. Gradually, as the world population grew, the motives behind wars became multifarious.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World War 1 Origins (How and Why the War Started) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different groups and countries started fighting with each other in order to gain control of areas where there were natural resources such as gold. Another reason for war was to gain access to routes generally used for movement of commodities from the starting place to the consumption areas. It is understood that after a war, one group prospered at the cost of another. Religion also has been an instigating factor for many wars. However, in all the wars, the motive was to gain advantage of s ome sort. During the past years, when countries came together as allies, there have been instances when allies of a particular group had to go to war just because they wanted to safeguard themselves from the disadvantages of not participating in the war. In this paper, we shall discuss the reasons that led to World War 1. â€Å"World War 1 began in eastern Europe. The war started when Serbia, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Germany decided that war or the risk of war was an acceptable policy option[1]†. Causes of World War 1 General Causes Alliances 1879 onwards, the world witnessed formation of alliances between nations having similar interests. Following are some of the major alliances that took place: The Dual Alliance: Germany and Austria-Hungary entered into an alliance in 1879 in order to defend against Russia. Austro-Serbian Alliance: Austria-Hungary and Serbia entered into an alliance in 1881 in order to prevent Russia from asserting power in Serbia. The Triple Alliance : Germany and Austria-Hungary entered into an alliance with Italy in 1882 so that the latter could not favor Russia’s moves. Franco-Russian Alliance: Russia and France entered into an alliance in 1894 in order to protect their countries from the Dual Alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Entente Cordiale: France and Britain entered into a formal agreement in 1904 in order to protect each other’s interests. Anglo-Russian Entente: Britain and Russia entered into a formal agreement in 1907 in order to protect each other’s interests. Triple Entente: Russia, France and Britain entered into an alliance to counteract Germany’s growing threats. Later, in 1914 and under the same alliance, all the three countries concurred that they will not sign any peace treaty without mutual consent. All these alliances (from 1879 to 1914) forced some countries to go to war just because they were in some alliance.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Imperialism Imperialism is a term used for instances where any country usurps any other country’s land and asserts its supremacy and power. Due to the incessant progress of industrialization, countries felt the need of venturing into fresh marketplaces. By the year 1900, Britain had extended its empire in five continents and France controlled major parts of Africa. The increase of both these countries’ power did not go well with Germany; Germany had only small areas under its rule. Following is a map that depicts the colonies of these three major European players in 1914. Source: http://www.historyonthenet.com/WW1/empiremap.htm William Anthony Hay claims that according to McMeekin, a tutor of international relations, â€Å"The war’s real catalyst lay in Russia’s ambition to supplant the waning Ottoman Empire in the Near East and to control the Turkish straits – the Bosphorus and Dardanelles – linking the Black Sea and the Mediterranean[2]†. But Richard Evans contradicts this opinion by stating that â€Å"In the end it was the Austro-Hungarian invasion of Serbia that set off the process that ended in the outbreak of World War 1, not Russian ambitions in the Straits[3]. But if we think logically, no country will enter into a war without personal interests.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World War 1 Origins (How and Why the War Started) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alliances were also made to serve individual interests. So it is wrong to say that Russia did not have any interest or ambitions in the Straits. Russia was an industrialized nation and needed to sell its products to people in other nations. For this purpose, it needed a safe passage and new markets. Militarism When any country gives preference to its army, it is said to be following militarism. The growing al liances among various nations prompted nations to empower their army with more arms and ammunitions. France and Germany doubled the strengths of their respective armies. Britain and Germany seemed to be in a competition of better sea control. In 1906, Britain launched the ‘Dreadnought’, considered to be a very efficient battleship. Following the footsteps, Germany also launched its own version of impressive battleships. The following illustration shows how Germany planned to attack France in case Russia attacked Germany; France and Russia were allies. So due to the alliance, Russia was bound to retaliate when one of its allies was attacked. â€Å"A military revolution occurred in the seventeenth century. The most important of the many changes was a considerable growth in the size of the armies. Those large forces could no longer live off the land: steal supplies from the populace[4]†. NationalismAdvertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More We all have love for our respective countries. So did the people of that period. Austria-Hungary and Serbia had different radical groups trying to free their states from foreign involvement. Both Italy and Germany were divided. People of these countries wanted unification. â€Å"Along with the history of imperial machinations, however, World War 1 should be understood in the context of the popular imagination and the growth of nationalist sentiment in Europe[5]†. The Crisis Moroccan Crisis As part of an understanding, Britain gave control of Morocco to France in 1904. The Moroccan people wanted freedom. Germany, in order to take an advantage of the situation, proclaimed its support for the freedom of Morocco. A conference was held that allowed France to continue its control over Morocco and a war was averted. Again, in 1911, Germany started pronouncing its support for the Moroccan independence but again it was persuaded to compromise its stand on the issue. Bosnian Crisis Bos nia (a Turkish province) was taken over by Austria-Hungary in 1908. This action of Austria-Hungary did not go well with the Serbians. The Serbians thought Bosnia was under them. As such, a conflict aroused. Serbia proclaimed war over Austria-Hungary. Russia supported Serbia and Germany supported Austria-Hungary. A war was about to start but at the nick of the time Russia backed off and the war was averted. But tensions were still mounting up between Serbia and Austria-Hungary. â€Å"It is true that during July the German decision makers sometimes expressed the hope that the conflict would be localized: in other words that Austria would be able to vanquish Serbia without Russian Intervention[6]†. Dale Copeland argues that â€Å"Germany actively sought war in July 1914 and that German leaders by the end of July preferred world war to a negotiated peace, even to one that gave Austria most of what it wanted[7]†. The Immediate Trigger World War 1 started in the year 1914. T he assassination of Austria’s Archduke, Franz Ferdinand, acted as a trigger to World War 1. Franz Ferdinand and his wife were murdered in 1914 by Gavrilo Princip, member of a Bosnian radical group. â€Å"The crumbling Austro-Hungarian Empire decided, after the assassination on 28 June, to take action against Serbia, which was suspected of being behind the murder[8]†. This was considered to be an immediate reason for the war but the real reasons seem to be more complex and are still topics of debate among various historians. According to William Anthony Hay, â€Å"Germany bears responsibility for the war, in this view, because its leaders deliberately turned a regional clash between Austria-Hungary and Serbia into an existential Struggle of rival alliances[9]†. Hay is right in his opinion because history reveals that there were other options with Germany that could have averted the war. But since Germany wanted to gain on its own interests, it forced other countr ies to plunge into a war that they did not intend. â€Å"The size and wealth of the conquered Eastern territories easily outweighed what would have been lost had the Germans withdrawn from Belgium and France. Had they done so, France might have made peace and the anti-German coalition collapsed[10]†. Conclusion All these instances make us to believe that Germany was behind waging the World War 1. In its ambitions to usurp power, Germany was thought to have instigated the war. But it is to be understood that down the years, historians put an end to the controversy as to which country was responsible for the World War 1. Historians from the two main countries (Germany and France) came to an understanding that none of their countries should be blamed for instigating World War 1. It was the policies of militarization of each of the participating countries that led to the war. But certain facts still point the finger towards Germany. After the war started, some confidential docume nts were discovered that suggested that the German government had vast plans of extending its territory due to the economic requirements. Bibliography Copeland, Dale. The Origins of Major War. New York: Cornell University Press, 2001. Evans, Richard. â€Å"The Road to Slaughter.† New Republic. Last modified 2011. http://www.newrepublic.com/book/review/the-road-slaughter#. Fergusan, Niall. â€Å"Germany and the origins of the First World War: New Perspectives.† The Historical Journal 35, no. 3 (1992): 725-752. Hamilton, Richard and Holger Herwig. The Origins of World War 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Hay, William. â€Å"Ambition in the East.† The Wall Street Journal. Last modified December 23, 2011. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204791104577110422769202402.html. Merriman, John. â€Å"The Origins of World War 1.† Yale University. Last modified 2013. http://www.academicearth.org/lectures/origins-world-war-i. Sheffield, Gary. â€Å"The Origins of World War One.† BBC. Last modified March 8, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/origins_01.shtml. Williamson, Samuel. â€Å"The Origins of World War 1.† Journal of Interdisciplinary History 18, no. 4 (1988): 795-818. Footnotes Samuel Williamson, â€Å"The Origins of World War 1,† Journal of Interdisciplinary History 18, no. 4 (1988): 795. William Anthony Hay, â€Å"Ambition in the East,† The Wall Street Journal, 2011,   http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204791104577110422769202402.html. Richard Evans, â€Å"The Road to Slaughter,† 2011, http://www.newrepublic.com/book/review/the-road-slaughter#. Richard Hamilton and Holger Herwig, The Origins of World War 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 5. John Merriman, â€Å"The Origins of World War 1,† Yale University, 2013, http://www.academicearth.org/lectures/origins-world-war-i. Niall Fergusan, â€Å"Germany and the origins of the F irst World War: New Perspectives†, Historical Journal 35, no. 3 (1992): 731. Dale Copeland, The Origins of Major War (New York: Cornell University Press, 2001), 79. Gary Sheffield, â€Å"The Origins of World War One,† BBC, 08 March 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/origins_01.shtml. William Anthony Hay, â€Å"Ambition in the East† in The Wall Street Journal Gary Sheffield, â€Å"The Origins of World War One,† BBC, 08 March 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/origins_01.shtml. This essay on World War 1 Origins (How and Why the War Started) was written and submitted by user Kyndall Jennings to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Implementation Plan to Prevent VAP

Implementation Plan to Prevent VAP that oral hygiene must be maintained in order to effectively eliminate VAP. According another author, a daily assessment to evaluate the levels of oral infections and functions should be implemented to make sure that practitioners provide the most appropriate care to patients. In addition, while the nursing setting may involve the use of various dental care methods, it is claimed that teeth brushing is one of the most cost-effective oral care methods that should be implemented to ensure standard oral hygiene. Teeth brushing is effective in that it prevents the formation of dental plague in all cases besides ventilator-supported patients. An author Henneman acknowledge that oral cleansing after every 2 or 4 hours promotes healing and maintains the integrity of oral tissues. He recommended the use of an alcohol-free oral antiseptic rinse to limit or prevent the bacterial load and colonization of the oropharyngeal area. Henneman argues that routinely suctioning of the mouth and pharynx is effective in the management of oral secretions, and it minimizes the risk of the oral mucosa. Some authors outline that the application of a water-based mouth moisturizer is recommended to maintain the integrity of the oral mucosa (Swearingen, 2012). Studies show that the implementation of a multifaceted strategy was more effective than single-faceted strategy in the prevention of VAP. The outlining of specific care protocols and measures enables constancy and eminence care through normalization. In the implementation of any intervention plan, it was recommend that practitioners should be able to observe current practice of oral care in patients receiving mechanical ventilation, evaluate a number of best practices, and measure the compliance of an intervention of standardized oral care. Implementation Logistics The study period intended by the author and the supporting team will be 48 months, and this duration will be divided into two stages. The first stage will be a pre-intervention stage aimed to collect data regarding staff members as well as establish areas of concern by the infection control professionals. The second stage will be on implementation, which will take exact time frame as the first stage. The first stage will involve scrutinizing of the supporting team; this will involve training recommendations for the members who will not be conversant with specific areas on oral care, VAP prevention, and the collection of data. In the second stage, implementation of the intervention stage would take effect with brief weekly meetings and monthly meetings both aimed at confirming on-time schedule and proper implementation progress (Haag-Heitman George, 2011). Resources for the Project With consideration to the time scope of the research, the project on VAP will require support from the resource personnel, such as the infection control, research nurses, pharmacists, physicians, and staff members of the MICU. The supporting team will conduct two tests, which will comprise of a pretest and a posttest, to evaluate the proficiency of the staff members. The infection control professionals will conduct a study aimed at determining the oral care constraints that may have been documented in earlier studies and how to avoid them in the current study. Data collected will be saved in a computer or computer-based devices for easy access and manipulation. While the time scope of this study is broad, the financing of the project will depend on the management resourcefulness. In addition, the members of the project are urged to be creative in promoting this initiative and sensitizing the public to help in raising funds to support this project (Mainous Pomeroy, 2010). Ethics of t he research will be observed to minimize liabilities with patients and the hospital at large. Hospital policies will be adhered to in order to avoid risks or to manage risks within a deliverable approach, which will not consume further time in creating and implementing.

Friday, November 22, 2019

These Are The Best Jobs for People With Disabilities

These Are The Best Jobs for People With Disabilities Ever since the Americans with Disabilities Act passed in 1990, it’s illegal for employers to discriminate against employees based on mental or physical disability. This means that no employer is allowed to make hiring decisions about qualified candidates who have disabilities- and in fact, they’re not even allowed to ask about a person’s disability status. Changes  have been made to strengthen the law, extending the types of disabilities covered. And additional legislation, like the â€Å"Final Rule† of Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, amended in 2014, requires any company or agency connected to the federal government to aim for 7% of their workforce made up of employees who are differently abled.So what does all of this mean for your own job search if you happen to have a disability, like nearly one-fifth of America’s adult population? For starters, it means that you should expect to help create a level field for yourself. Employers are not allowed to use your disability as a reason not to hire you, if you’re otherwise qualified for a position- so it’s on you to make sure you are presenting your strongest qualifications.Tips for Your Job SearchBe confident. Although it may feel sometimes like your disability puts you at a disadvantage against others who may not have the same challenges, you want to go into the process full steam ahead, knowing that you bring valuable skills and experience to this new opportunity. Your disability doesn’t necessarily define you or your career, so make sure you’re emphasizing your best self. A positive attitude is one of your best assets in any job hunt, so make sure you’re giving yourself that advantage.Don’t offer more information than you need to. You don’t need to talk in-depth about any disabilities or necessary accommodations up front in an interview. The employer isn’t allowed to ask. Still, you may need to make certa in disclosures up front, or they may just be apparent to the interviewer. For example, if you use a wheelchair for mobility, this will be noticed. You are not, however, obligated to go into details about any conditions you have, or your history. Unfortunately, assumptions may be made about your ability to do a job (human nature being what it is), but you can help offset this by revealing only the most necessary information about your challenges, and shifting the focus to your strengths as a candidate.Focus on what you can do. If you have mobility issues, you can talk about how you use accommodations or tools to get from one place to another, and emphasize your stellar history of being on time. This is especially important if the job involves travel between places. If you have vision or hearing impairments, you can talk about processes you’ve come up with to manage (and excel at) tasks related to your job. This is a good chance to show off your problem solving skills, and show ing how you’ve faced and gotten past challenges. Interviewers love detailed, real-life examples that show how you’d approach problem solving on the job, so this is a chance to be proactive and take control of that narrative.Get all the information you can. There are lots of great resources for job hunters who happen to have disabilities. Make sure you’re armed with this info before you even start your job search, so you know what to expect, and what is okay/not okay as you look for your next job.You want to target your job search as much as possible, so that you can find a job where you’re able to succeed, grow, and be happy. For example, if you have mobility issues, a job that requires constant movement, or a lot of outdoor terrain, may not be ideal, so a desk-based job in an accessible building would be more suitable. Or if you have Asperger’s or an autism-spectrum disorder, a field where social interaction is limited might be the right choice- r uling out jobs like being a receptionist or salesperson, where social interactions make up the bulk of the work day.It’s about finding a job that plays to your strengths and skills, while also working with your disabilities to the extent that you’re comfortable and able to do what you need to do.Fastest-Growing Jobs  to ConsiderLet’s look at some of the fastest-growing jobs that work well for people with disabilities.Pharmaceutical Sales RepresentativeThe job: These sales reps work for pharmaceutical companies, selling products and devices to healthcare professionals who then use them for treating patients. If you have physical or medical disabilities, it can actually give you an edge if you’re not just a seller of these products, but also a beneficiary of them. It gives you an extra layer of expertise. This position typically requires a bachelor’s degree, because of the science and medical knowledge involved in the products, but no advance train ing beyond some on-the-job training.The salary: Pharmaceutical representatives make a median salary of $59,080 per year, or $28.41 per hour.The outlook: This is a field that continues to grow, as the medical needs of the population grow, and technology offers more varied treatments. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that this field will grow 7% by 2024.Accountant/AuditorThe job: Accountants and auditors work for large firms, examining and analyzing financial records. According to CareerCast, large accounting firms like PriceWaterhouseCoopers are among the top employers of people with disabilities. To become an accountant or auditor, you’ll need a bachelor’s degree in the field, as well as strong math and finance skills.The salary: Accountants and auditors make a median salary of $67,190 per year, or $32.20 per hour.The outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that this field will grow 11% by 2024.Vocational CounselorThe job: Twist! You’d be helping other people find employment, especially other people with disabilities or who face challenges in getting into the workforce. Because disabled people face an unemployment rate nearly double the national average, counselors who help people build job skills and advise on related legal and social issues.The salary: Accountants and auditors make a median salary of $56,490 per year, or $27.16 per hour.The outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that this field will grow 19% by 2024.Management ConsultantThe job: With greater opportunities in the job market in general, companies need advice and perspective on how to reach out to the disabled community, as well as insight into creating accommodations for disabled employees. For this kind of role, you should have a bachelor’s degree and a strong business background.The salary: Management consultants make a median salary of $81,320 per year, or $39.10 per hour.The outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expec ts that this field will grow 14% by 2024, as companies look for ways to diversify.Computer Support SpecialistThe job: Computer support specialists are IT professionals who manage and support computer hardware or networks for companies. Because the work is computer-based, electronic accommodations can be made for people with disabilities like blindness (braille computer displays) or deafness (voice commands). If you’re a computer whiz, this could be a great opportunity to put those skills to work, regardless of your disability.The salary: Computer support specialists make a median salary of $51,470 per year, or $24.75 per hour.The outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that this field will grow 12% by 2024, faster than average and increasing opportunities across the board for all types of computer support specialists.If any of these jobs don’t sound like quite the right fit for you, you might also want to consider going into business for yourself- after al l, what better way to put your unique skills and strengths to work? A fantastic example of this is Colette Divitto, whose booming cookie business shows the world that having Down Syndrome is not the professional limitation it once might have been. This is your career, and it’s up to you to seize your next great opportunity, regardless of disability or challenges. Good luck!

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Airport Security Checkpoints Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Airport Security Checkpoints - Research Paper Example There is no single solution of SSCP design that will work for all airport terminals given the variation in designs and operational requirements. (Elias, 2009) A number of methods and technologies can be used to implement SSCP including walk through metal detectors, X-ray device for whole body scanning, carry-on baggage x-ray and explosive detection systems (EDS). Among these technologies and methods, X-ray machine for whole body scanning such as X-ray Backscatter technology proves to be efficient and convenient for passenger screening.(Elias, 2009) X-ray Backscatter is one of the best screening technologies as far as airport SSCP is concerned given that it has the potential to accomplish what most of the other technologies have failed to accomplish in terms of passenger and language screening. Even though, the technology is considered to be the closest solution to a perfect airline travel safety, privacy issues have been brought to light on the type of imaging on the passengers. X-ray Backscatter uses x-ray beam which are capable of digitally striping a passenger and in the process reveal such contraband materials as liquid explosives, ceramic knives or drugs which are may have passed undetected by conventional x-ray machines and metal detectors. (Hicks, 2010) X-ray Backscatter technology stores images produced when organic objects scatter x-ray photons. The lower periodic table elements have a high capability of scattering photons while those items such as metals absorb more photon. The technology uses this principle to correlate measure and produce an image of the scanned object. The technology has the ability to penetrate items such as clothing and baggage that are usually used to conceal dangerous objects such as weapons and explosives. Unlike the convectional X- ray machines which produce blurry images, X-ray backscatter produces clear images which are easily interpreted and

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Machiavelli on Powers of NSA and Defense Spending Research Paper

Machiavelli on Powers of NSA and Defense Spending - Research Paper Example The growing security concerns in the country are arguable and justifiably especially following the events of 9/11. The relativity of the organization’s spending is admissible by the dictates of such iconic think tanks as the Italian Niccolo di Bernardo dei Machiavelli as the discussion below portrays. Niccolo di Bernardo dei Machiavelli was an early Italian politician, philosopher, and diplomat. Machiavelli influenced modern day politics with most historians acknowledging his ideas as the basis for contemporary politics. Among his major contributions was the political ethics which is a concept that explains the conduct of politicians and the policies they enact. The philosopher developed a concept known as Machiavellianism which is a negative term referring to unscrupulous politicians. Such politicians foster their own ambitions while disregarding the desires of the electorate who Machiavelli explains wield the power owing to their fundamental role of electing the leaders. Dem ocracy is a form of governance through which the population elects representatives who rule on their behalf. In a democratic society, the electorate constitutes a fundamental piece of the society and plays an integral role in the governance of the society. The political ideology arises from the social contract theory which posits that since not everyone can rule, the society elects few people with desirable qualities to lead them for a particular period. Within the period, the leaders make decisions through policies. However, in doing so, the leaders must safeguard the desires of the people. This implies that the leaders must maintain an interactive relationship with the electorate in order to determine the wishes of the people. The policies the leaders formulate and enact must represent the desires of the people and uphold humanity. In his work, The Prince, Machiavelli investigates the creation of democratic institutions and the conduct of politicians at the time (Althusser & Mathe ron, 2000). As a philosopher, Machiavelli explains that elected leaders, unlike in dynasties, must possess desirable qualities and sustain their conduct. In doing so, political leaders must exhibit humility and understanding of the issues facing their electorate. By considering such, the policies the leaders formulate and enact will reflect the desires of the people (Cunningham, Rogers & United States, 2005). Constant consultation between the electorate and the leadership is essential in the representation process as the leaders must always enact policies that uphold the freedoms of the people. Among the issues that Machiavelli contends that is essential in the development of free and fair societies is security. The leaders must sustain the security of their societies. Machiavelli explains that the security of the society is priceless and important to the electorate. The contract between the society and the leaders as explained in the social contract theory centers on creation of sa fe and secure societies. A country must employ its every resources in ensuring that its boarders are safe and free from foreign interference. Machiavelli’s doctrines and philosophies can help explain some of if his possible thoughts on the structure of modern society and the functions and powers of some of the state agencies.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

National Cranberry Cooperative Essay Example for Free

National Cranberry Cooperative Essay According to the data provided, there is 50 % of incoming berries which were wet harvested. In the absolute terms, this amounts to 750 bbls/h. The three drying machines can only handle 600 bbls/h altogether, meaning that 150 bbls of berries have to be stored in the bins each hour while waiting for the drying process. The second bottleneck is â€Å"located† at the separators. The three separating lines have the capacity to separate 1200 bbls/h, while there are 1350 bbls/h ready to be separated. Therefore, 150 bbls of dry berries have to be stores each hour. At the end of the day (7 PM) there are 2400 bbls wet berries waiting for drying and separating, while also 2400 bbls of dry berries still have to go through the separation process. Drying process of 2400 bbls of wet harvested berries takes 4 additional hours and is finished at 11 PM. Simultaneously the separation is in process (for the dry harvested berries). After the last 600 bbls of wet harvested berries are dried it takes additional half an hour to separate them for quality measures. Separation process is finished at 11. 30 PM. 4. When would the last truck unload and how long would it have waited? Due to the fact that the capacity of the bins is large enough for both, dry (4000 bbls) and wet (1200 bbls only wet + 2000 bbls wet dry) harvested berries to be stored before entering the production process, there is no waiting needed for the truck drivers. All the trucks are able to unload by 7PM. 5. Changes in order to improve performance (estimate the costs and benefits) Based on our analysis we propose three possible solutions that would resolve a problem of company’s bottlenecks.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Machiavelli Essay -- essays research papers

The Prince MAJOR THEME Machiavelli had a true and abiding love for Florence. He wanted to make Florence great and also find himself a job, as he lost his when the Medici family came into power. He dedicated his book on political science, The Prince, to Lorenzo Medici in the hopes that Lorenzo would be impressed and offer him a job. However, Lorenzo ignored the book and Machiavelli. The Prince is a didactic examination of political power, how to achieve it, maintain it, and expand it. Machiavelli does not take into consideration what is morally right, or amoral, only what is useful and useless. The book is more like a technical manual, and technical manuals only state the facts. The book defines what turns a mere man into a great ruler and what turns a great ruler into a mere man. Machiavelli’s book of politics is unique because it is so realistic. He does not place man in a false utopia where man live in eternal peace and harmony, everyone doing good to one another for the good of the public whole. Rather, he writes a manual where there are political conflicts and tensions. Machiavelli writes how a prince should deal with these conflicts and tensions. He condones cruelty, punishment, religion, rewards, compassion, and integrity to achieve power. Whatever means to achieve the end. QUESTIONS 2. Discuss Machiavelli’s “heroes';. Select one and discuss the traits that he finds admirable in that person. Be specific. Machiavelli&...

Monday, November 11, 2019

Napoleon And The Enlightenment Essay

The enlightenment was a time of great learning throughout Europe during the eighteenth century. Although the period is significant for scientific and other scholastic advancements, it is most important because it allowed for the opening of great minds–such as that of Napoleon Bonaparte. Shortly after this enlightenment made its way through Europe, revolution and civil war ripped through France between 1879 and 1899. The unrest of the time called for a strong ruler. A man/woman with an open mind and an enlightened soul. France needed a child of the enlightenment to sew its tattered flag. Napoleon Bonaparte was a child of the enlightenment. This was displayed in both his attitudes and policies as a result of enlightened religious ideas, political genius, and social reforms. Almost every ruler in history can be accused of having some kind of religious fanaticism. This religious fervor has led to persecution, civil war, unrest, instability, ignorance, and even genocide. The enligh tenment taught philosophes and scholars religious tolerance by lessening the importance of religion and God in everyday life. As a child of the enlightenment, Napoleon had a similar immunization to the devout and was able to use religion as a tool to accomplish his political ideas and goals. An example of this is the fact that whatever new land he conquered, he adopted the religion of that land in order to gain the acceptance of the general population. In France, he was Catholic. In Egypt, he was Muslim. But the only insight we have to his actual religious beliefs are that he said he followed his own star indicating that he pursued a somewhat mystical belief in destiny and fate. He completely regarded the church as a convenience to be taken advantage of by any enlightened despot. When he first came to power, the greatest force that could propel counterrevolution was the Catholic church, so ignoring the infuriated (and politically weak) Jacobeans, he signed a concordat with the Vatican. He said, Fifty . . . bishops paid by England lead the French clergy today. Their influence must be destroyed. For this we n eed the authority of the Pope. Through the concordat, the Catholic church was able to gain back authority that it had lost during the revolution, however, it was never allowed to recover its former autonomy or power. Napoleon kept the French church in his pocket. He paid the clergy directly, and he made them  financially dependent on his treasury. As a child of the enlightenment, Napoleon used cold authority and calculation to wield one of the most powerful weapons in the world–religion–and he did it successfully. It is hard to reconcile whether it was Napoleon’s political genius that made him enlightened or whether it was his enlightenment that made him a political genius. Regardless, he will always be recognized as a charismatic and remarkable enlightened despot. Everyone who encountered Napoleon Bonaparte were immediately impressed by his amazing wit and blunt intelligence. As a military figure he is unmatched and as a leader, he has been mimicked throughout history by other rulers hoping to eclipse his success. The element of Napoleon’s character that made him enigmatic to France at this time, however, was not eloquence or dazzle but crisp speech filled with reas on and calm assurance. He was, in a nutshell, exactly what France wanted after fifteen years of political upheaval. After coming to power, Napoleon immediately set up a pretend constitution and parliament, but he ruled with an iron fist. As far as voting was concerned, the population could accept his policies or not vote at all. (women, of course, could not vote no matter what) Though by today’s standards Napoleon may seem ignorant and unenlightened, during the 18th century an enlightened despot was an absolute ruler who was able to introduce rational reform and thought without considering the needs of the minority. As an example of this kind of enlightenment, Napoleon began to tax the upper classes. By taxing the nobility, Napoleon was taxing the richest two percent of the population that the former monarchy would not tax because they could yell the loudest. The former monarch was dead. The former monarch had been killed by that nasty ninety-eight percent in a very unpleasant way. Napoleon’s next step was to codify laws. For a child of the enlightenment, the codification of laws is definitely a requirement. But Napoleon did not only make law codes, he made law codes that surpassed the fame and glory of Roman law codes. Yes, Napoleon was a child of the enlightenment; this is clearly displayed by his policies and law codification that directly impacted the majority. Napoleons enlightened social reforms were often directly impacted by his religious agreements and political endeavors. The most interestingly enlightened social reform that Napoleon instituted was a law system that fell on the shoulders of every individual equally. There was no recognition of social  class in law. Military positions could no longer be bought or sold. A person was expected to make their way up in society on their own two feet, not riding the backs of their parents piggy-banks. Education became increasingly important because under this system, pedigree was dog food. Thus, the next most interesting enlightened social reform was a public system that has remained almost exactly as structured and rational today, as Napoleon himself instituted it nearly two-hundred years ago. Though the upper classes mainly benefited from them , scholarships were provided for youths who showed scholastic promise. (Of course this, once again, excludes girls–who by the way are good for nothing but breeding and prostitution) Yes, Napoleon did tamp down on any promise of a feminist movement that had glimmered during the French revolution. But this is expected from a male enlightened despot. A feminist movement could be almost as destructive as the church if properly instituted. One simply needs to peruse Aristophones’ Lysistrata for proof of that. So, by putting women back in their rightful and passive places and instituting social reform for the greater male population, Napoleon once again capitalizes on his enlightened mentality and proves that their is no grander child of the enlightenment than he. Napoleon instituted reforms in religion, policy, and society that clearly reflected an enlightened upbringing. Though these sentiment may seem slightly arrogant and assumed, Napoleon himself would have been happy to explain his enlightened magnificence if he weren’t dead. Has it been mentioned that he was short? (the writer could not help herself) Napoleon is a timeless example of an enlightene d despot. The bible still has not fully recovered from the rationality of his church. His codified law system is still active in France and the great state of Louisiana. Mankind today clutches desperately at his social ideologies. Though a modern thinker may say the only thing that keeps Napoleon from being enlightened is lack of democracy, the writer sitting in this chair thinks that the only thing that keeps democracy from being Napoleon is enlightenment. Had Napoleon been born merely fifty years earlier he may have been a trendsetter of the enlightenment. Or he might have been a fisherman. Regardless, Napoleon was a child of the enlightenment and not a parent. He followed the ideas presented by that period with such strategy and genius, people are still writing papers about it. (By choice?)

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Fences Research Paper Essay

Lives are lead with anxiety over certain issues and with apprehension towards certain events. This play, Fences written by the playwright August Wilson deals with the progression of a family through the struggles of oppression and the inability to obtain the American Dream. The characters in the play develop throughout the story and can be viewed or interpreted in many different ways, but one man remains constant during the play and that is Troy. Due to certain events that transpired as he was growing up, Troy is shaped into a very stubborn yet proud man. To be a man who was black and proud ran the risk of getting destroyed, both physically and mentally. The world of the 1950s and 60s was rapidly changing and grew strange to Troy as he was living in a place that he understood less and less each day. Troy grows bitter through his misconceptions of the world and lives a life devoted to everything other than his family. As a result of racism Troy is unable to acquire his American Dream of becoming a baseball player, which results in his extreme bitterness that negatively impacts his family relationships and makes him deeply aware of his mortality. Troy’s dreams are thwarted due to accounts of racism that occur in his life and he refuses to acknowledge that any racial progress has been made. Although he is constantly told he is too old to play baseball, Troy sees it in different way. To Troy ability has nothing to do with age, he believes the single reason for him not making it in the major leagues is racism. Troy’s longings to become a baseball player are obstructed by oppression and discrimination. Like many black athletes, Troy was not given the same opportunities as white people were, which strengthened his already adamant view toward the idea of one’s skill vs. he color of one’s skin â€Å"I’m talking about if you could play ball then they ought to have let you play. Don’t care what color you were† (Wilson 18). Troy gets frustrated with the blatant racism that keeps him from playing in the Major Leagues. Troy feels as though he was robbed of a professional career in baseball strictly because of his race, the racial barrier constantly overshadows him and his family and has over time made him a bitter man. In an effort to help the reader understand Troy’s feelings toward his failure, Wilson writes as Troy â€Å"Don’t ome telling me I was too old. I Just wasn’t the right color† (Wilson 39). Although not specifically quoted by Troy, he has been worn down due to constant oppression and has been changed into a man whom he did not aspire to be like; his father. Troy’s animosity towards black people not getting equal opportunities as white people affects his ideals as a father and jeopardizes the future of his family. Troy’s story isn’t particularly special in this era, it was very common for racism and oppression to meddle and change peoples lives. Not specific to baseball but in general life, many things were completely segregated as explained by Kim Pereira â€Å"Wilson used the fence and baseball to tell this story. It was not just a story of a life perceived as a failure, but a look into the minds and thoughts of an African American in the 1950’s† (Pereira 47). Very few people before the civil rights movements in the 1960’s were acting out against racism, and many black people accepted this and began to believe that they were in fact, the inferior race. Troy cannot see the clear racial progress that has been made since he played baseball. As life progressed since Troy had faced oppression during his early years, he found it difficult to accept that things had changed. Troy’s racial arrogance is shown as he talks to Cory about baseball players not playing because of where they are from â€Å"â€Å"Got that boy†¦ Puerto Rican boy†¦ Clemente. Don’t even half-play him† â€Å"He gets lots of chances to play†Ã¢â‚¬  (Wilson 59). Troy clearly believes that people are still not given opportunities to play or excel in something because of the color of their skin, but Cory is denying this claim and states that that is not the case anymore and things have moved forward, at least in this instance. The aspect of social change had opportunities to erupt during the 1950s; people were so set on their views, and much like Troy very few were willing to believe that there was change. Howard Shapiro analyzed this issue â€Å"It’s set in the late ‘50s in an American rapidly moving for an upheaval that will bring massive social change – change Troy Maxson either fails to see or cannot understand† (Shapiro) Troy’s reluctance to accept social change puts the future of his family at risk and stops Cory from progressing through life and out of the ghetto. Troy is constantly exposed to racism and attempts to overcome it in everyday life. There are many instances throughout the book of black people, often working very hard to try and get an opportunity to make something of their lives. This opportunity that is searched for is constantly dismissed because of the underlining theme of racism. Troy isn’t one to stand up for himself, but does when he speaks to his boss about inequality in the work area â€Å"I went to Mr. Rad and asked him ‘why? Why you got white men’s driving and the colored man lifting? † (Wilson 19) Troy’s frustration in dealing with racism and inequality everyday reflects his frustrations from being denied a career in baseball. Despite Troy’s efforts to work hard, he along with many others is not given a chance to change the lives of their families. Troy says that he works as hard as possible and receives nothing for it â€Å"I’m working every day and can’t get not credit† (Wilson 15) Troy is overlooked because of the color of their skin, and in being constantly discriminated against Troy’s future is limited. Although there has been some racial progress by the 1950s, there are not any significant breakthroughs until the civil rights movement. Through the voice of Troy, Wilson describes and example of oppression where a â€Å"negro† walks into a restaurant and cannot get served, but when a white man walks in everybody drops what he or she is doing and rushes to the aid of the white man. Wilson references the Pope picking out the meat from the stew for the white man, saying that everybody will get down on his or her hands and knees to cater for that one man. An instance like this occurred very often and is made an example out of. Troy displaces his relationships with Rose and Cory, who end up resenting him because of his ostracizing actions. As a result of being exposed to failure when growing up with his father, Troy seems to have adopted the idea that when things get difficult it is easier to just walk away. In doing so Troy unknowingly affects the lives of those around him. Troy ruins his marriage with Rose due to his never-ending need to escape responsibility. Troy does not have a sense of familial obligation and much like his father puts a lot of effort into getting away from his duties as a father. He wants to get away from the pressures of family life and is driven towards another woman with whom he has an affair, and explains it as â€Å"She gives me a different idea†¦I can step out of this house and get away from the pressures and problems† (Wilson 68). Troy is forever reluctant to accept his responsibilities, he understands that he is a father but all that he associates with this role is providing money, as that is all anybody asks of him. Troy is very hypocritical in saying he is the man of the house, yet acting as far from it as possible. In neglecting his family, Troy destroys his relationships with his wife, and children. As Kim Pereira analyses â€Å"Troy delays building the fence, as though fearful of the restrictions it will place on him. Something within him rebels against the idea of being cut off from the world, having no escape from the pressures of family life† (Pereira 49). It is evident that Troy is fearful of the symbolic meaning of the fence rather than the fence itself. Placing possible restrictions on him, Troy is reluctant to put it up; he feels it might force him to live a life devoted to his family, with no escape. In marrying Troy, Rose took a huge gamble in putting all of her aspirations and dreams aside to live a family life, one devoted to her husband and children. When finding out that her husband has cheated on her Rose’s goals and possible futures were destroyed, she was betrayed by the man she invested in â€Å"I took all my feelings, my wants and needs, my dreams†¦and I buried them inside of you. I planted a seed and waited and prayed over it† (Wilson 45). Troy betrayed the trust of Rose, and not only cheated her but the family as well, any goals they had, are now shattered because of his selfishness. Harold Bloom suggests that once Troy speaks to death following fights with loved ones he destroys his family â€Å"Troy stands alone on stage and speaks directly to death. These meetings follow confrontations, first with Rose and then with Cory, during which Troy manages to kill the love from those he loves the most† (Bloom). After Troy manages to â€Å"kill the love† he accepts death and acknowledges that it will eventually come. Troy shifts all of his attention to one aspect of his life and in doing so neglects and pushes away those who love him. Cory takes umbrage against Troy, as a result of the restrictions that are placed upon him. Due to Troy’s failure in baseball he is diffident to let Cory play football in college. He faced racism in trying to become a professional athlete and fears the same fate for Cory â€Å"The white man ain’t gonna let you get nowhere with that football no way† (Wilson 78). Troy sees his time that he used to pursue a career in baseball was wasted and is now trying to avoid Cory from going through the same thing. In response to his own disappointment, Troy demands Cory to give up on his dream. Troy believes that to be successful you have to work hard and that you earn where you get to, but believes that something interfered on his path to success. Troy thinks that life has never been fair to his family and never helped him out, it is just an obstruction â€Å"Life don’t owe you nothing† (Wilson 83). In his eyes somebody succeeding in life means that they think they are better than others, Troy begins to shows this characteristic when Cory has the opportunity to play college football and possibly make something of his life, as Kim Pereira explains â€Å"This seeming lack of affection is hard on Cory who obviously worships his father. But every attempt to emulate Troy is met with disapproval, and slowly, their lives begin to revolve in concentric circles – beginning at the same center, destined to describe similar patterns† (Pereira 44). Despite Cory wanting a relationship with his father, Troy is hesitant to show any affection toward his own son because of his pride.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Grant Writing - sources and tips for writing grants part 1

Grant Writing - sources and tips for writing grants part 1 One of the greatest challenges for educators is finding sources of money to allow for innovation and technology in the classroom. Funding is barely available to pay salaries and buy basic supplies. Therefore, teachers and administrators who truly wish to try new ideas that require additional funds have to personally find sources for this money. Grants can be a godsend to solve financial shortcomings. However, two major stumbling blocks are associated with attaining grants: locating them and writing them. Locating Grants Assessing Needs Before your search even begins, you must have a project that you wish to fund. What is it that you want to accomplish? Any project you support must align with the needs of your school or community. Grant providers want to clearly see the necessity of your program. To make sure that your project fulfills a need, compare what your school or community has now to what you feel it should have. Use this information to create possible solutions. The upfront time spent investigating this chasm between your schools reality and your vision for it will pay off when it comes time to write your grant proposal. Do some preliminary research to find a solid educational basis for your idea. Map out the steps necessary to complete your project including necessary funding at each step. Remember throughout your design phase to keep in mind how you will evaluate your project using measurable outcomes. Make a Project Worksheet Make a preliminary worksheet concerning what you believe you will need for your project. By doing this, you can get a clear picture of what the grant you are searching for must look like. Some items your chart could include are: Project Overview Need for Project Research Sources Amount Needed Special School/Community Circumstance Evaluation Methods Searching for Options The most important piece of advice you can get when beginning your grant search is to carefully match your project with the grantors award requirements. For example, if the desired grant is only given to schools in inner cities, only apply if you meet that criterion. Otherwise, youll be wasting your time. With that in mind, three major sources for grant money exist: Federal and State Governments, Private Foundations, and Corporations. Each has its own agenda and differing levels of requirements concerning who can apply, the application process itself, how the money must be spent, and the methods of evaluation. So where can you search for each type? Luckily there are some awesomesites on the internet. You are welcome to modify and use this basic grant match rubric to determine how well the grant fits your project. Writing grant proposals is a complicated and time-consuming process. Here are some great tips to help make grant writing easier. I would like to acknowledge Jennifer Smith of Pasco County Schools for generously sharing many of these tips. Start with outcomes. Be specific in what you wish to achieve and design your project back from these outcomes.Carefully match your goals and outcomes with those required by the grant advertisement. You can use the Grant Match Rubric to help make your decision.Talk to the grant contact person to receive specific information about the purpose and goals of the grant.Find research to support your project idea. Programs that have been previously validated have more merit because they have shown success in the past.Find a district sponsor. Get them to help with any red tape or information you might need to complete your grant proposal.Make your grant proposal interesting to read through good formatting. Remember that people are going to judge your ideas against others and a pleasing and well-organized presentation will get you further. Include pie charts. Set off your information with appropriate indentations.Use language to your advantage. Quote from notable sources.Make a column to accen t exactly where in your grant proposal each component of the grants grading rubric is met. As you write your strategies for the grant proposal, keep assessment methods in mind. Think about how you are going to measurably show what you will accomplish.Look closely at any funding rules to make sure you do not ask for items that the grant will not fund. For example, Florida state grants do not allow food items to be bought with grant money.Check out the grant to see if matching funds are required. Many school districts will not have the money to match even if you are awarded the grant. However, professional volunteers can count as in-kind contributions.Check with your School District to find out the rules concerning salaries for any individuals working on the project. Many districts require you to account for benefits in your funding model.Find out whether the grant requires outside evaluators. If so, you might have to pay for them out of your funding.Make sure your budget narrative and your budget summary match exactly.Grants are stamped when they are received. Try to send i n your grants a few days early so that it appears you are on the ball. Because school districts are limited in the number of Federal and State grants they can apply for, many districts must approve of your grant proposal before it can be sent out. Because of the time constraints on many of these grants, you must plan ahead. Also, make sure you are not competing with others at your own school or district for the same money.Make a database if one is not currently available in your district of important demographic numbers and statistics. Place this information in your grant proposals as requested highlighting special needs.Get to know your states grant contact personnel. If they see your name cross their desk and they can place you, you have a better shot.If you plan to write numerous grants, create templates for commonly needed forms. This is especially useful for state and federal grant that repeat a lot of the same information.Be honest both in the grant proposal itself and with yourself concerning what you can actually accomplish. Remember, you have t o follow through with whatever plans you make.Other Articles

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Describing a Friend Dialogue for English Learners

Describing a Friend Dialogue for English Learners Read the dialogue and the reading selection to learn about describing both male and female friends.   My Friend My friend Rich is coming to town next week. Have you ever met my him?No, I havent.Hes kind of crazy, but a great guy.Yeah, why do you say so? Whats he like?Hes really hard working, but very much a loner. Hes pretty talented and can do just about anything.Sounds interesting. Is he married?No, he isnt.What does he look like? Maybe my friend Alice would be interested in meeting him.Hes tall, slim and quite good looking. Im sure your friend would find him attractive. Whats she like?Shes outgoing and very athletic.Really? What sports does she like playing?Shes a great tennis player and also goes bicycling a lot.What does she look like?Shes kind of exotic looking. Shes got long dark hair and piercing black eyes. People think she is rather beautiful.Do you think she would like to meet Rich?Sure! Why dont we introduce them?Great idea! Key Vocabulary to be like used for character descriptionto like doing used to state general preferenceswould like to do used to state a specific wishlook like used to speak about physical appearanceloner likes to be alone a lotoutgoing very ambitious and does lots of activitiesathletic very good at sportsexotic from a little known locationpiercing looking deeply intorather very Differences in Vocabulary Between Men and Women Youve probably learned that the adjective handsome is generally used with men  and beautiful with women. Its a general rule, but there are certainly instances in which a woman is handsome or a man is beautiful. Of course, its all in the eye of the beholder.  The same can be said for the adjective pretty which is used with women. Whereas, cute is used when referring to either sex.   This is also true when speaking about a persons character. Any adjective can be used to describe either sex, but some are more common than others. Of course, these days, many people rightly complain about such stereotypes. Still, there are preferences that lie deep in the English language. Guys and gals used to be used to refer to men and women in an informal manner. These days, its common to refer to everyone as guys. Job names have also changed over the years. Its common to change words like businessman to businesswoman or business person. Other job titles such as stewardess are no longer in use.   These changes in vocabulary is an example of how English commonly changes with the times. In fact, English is such a flexible language that its difficult to understand English from four hundred years ago, whereas other languages such as Italian have changed relatively little in comparison.   Key Vocabulary to refer to either sex be used with both male and femalestereotype a general idea, often negative, of how a particular group of people actto change with the times to make changes as the culture changesin the eye of the beholder for the person who is taking noticeto lie deep in the language to be at the roots of a language

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Assessment of recent developments in financial reporting Essay

Assessment of recent developments in financial reporting - Essay Example This study will understand whether legal enactments and obligations are sufficient to perform financial activities in an ethical and logical manner. Drafting the financial reporting takes a lot of accounting knows how and also the thorough knowledge of legal obligations. The author of the study would lay emphasis on the accurate conduct of financial activities with guidance from the standards laid down by the accounting standards and the legal requirements. The need of these accurate financial reporting and also the critical evaluation of the effectiveness of the legal requirements in the preparation of the financial statements would be covered in the study. Finally, the study will conclude whether the legal requirements of the particular country are sufficient for the companies to perform the accounting and financial activities. International Accounting Standards Board &Financial Accounting Standards Board The establishment of International Accounting Standards Board, Financial Acco unting Standards Board boards was in the year 1973 and was set for the primary purpose of formulation of regulations which would also help in the education of the users, stakeholders and management. Along with international convergence the company the board also focuses on the quality of financial reporting (Liu, 2011). International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS on the other hand will focus on the development of the accounting framework, which will help in the betterment of the company. IFRS is one of the major accounting standards board, which are responsible for checking whether the accounting standards developed by them are effectively executed and implemented within the system for the betterment of the organization or not (Allen, McAndrews and Strahan, 2001). The UK Company Act The UK company act is formed under the Companies Act 2006 and governed by Insolvency Act 1986. help in the development of high quality accounting standards, which are highly compatible with the busin ess environment that can be used for the regional and cross border investments (Allen, McAndrews and Strahan, 2001).It is also responsible for the development of accounting framework, which is accountable for the construction of the organizational structure and also preparation of consolidated financial statements for the benefit of cross listed companies (Liu, 2011). Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is one of the standard frameworks which serve as guidelines for performing financial accounting activity (Liu, 2011). These include conventions, standards, rules and regulations which are known as general accounting standard. Financial & Legal Requirements in Stock Exchange There are several legal and financial regulations and requirements which are applicable for the stock exchanges of different countries. The stock market is regulated by several disclosure standards which help in transparent business operations and also encourage s shareholders in smooth investing activities. For example the London Stock Exchange has several listing rules and regulations which assesses the shareholder’s issuer eligibility and also ensures that these regulations are made. There has been major fluctuation in the stock market movement in the past six months because the overall market has been extremely sensitive vulnerable to the sensitive